第34课：副词：快速，更多快速，多数快速。

Lesson 34: Adverbs: Quickly, More Quickly, Most Quickly.

在第33课，你学习了形容词如何告诉你一些名词的质量。

In Lesson 33 you learned how adjectives tell you about some quality of nouns.

在本课中，副词会告诉你一些动词和形容词的质量。

In this lesson, adverbs tell you about some quality of verbs and adjectives.

他们告诉你在哪里，何时，如何，为什么以及在多大程度上发生了什么。

They tell you where, when, how, why and to what extent something happens.

有7种类型的副词：程度（多少），持续时间（多长时间），频率（多久），方式（如何），地点（何处），概率（为什么）和时间（何时））。

There are 7 types of adverbs: of degree (how much), of duration (how long), of frequency (how often), of manner (how), of place (where), of probability (why) and of time (when).

还有比较和最高级的副词。

There are also comparative and superlative adverbs.

形成副词

Forming Adverbs

大多数副词都是通过添加“-ly”来形容形容词或名词。 在接下来的列表中，John列出了英语形容词，相应的普通话形容词和英语副词。

Most adverbs are formed from adjectives or nouns by adding "-ly". In the lists that follow, John lists English adjectives, corresponding Mandarin adjectives and English adverbs.

wide 宽 -> widely, close 闭合 -> closely, large 大 -> largely, strange 奇怪 -> strangely, free 自由 -> freely, rude 无礼 -> rudely, late 晚 -> lately, nice 不错 -> nicely, safe 安全 -> safely, fortunate 幸运 -> fortunately

sudden 突然 -> suddenly, intelligent 智能 -> intelligently, quiet 安静 -> quietly, red 红色 -> redly, thin 薄 -> thinly, slow 缓慢 -> slowly, fat 胖 -> fatly, sad 伤心 -> sadly, hot 热 -> hotly

high 高 -> highly, quick 快 -> quickly, short 短 -> shortly, rich 丰富-> richly, round 团 -> roundly, soft 软 -> softly, brown 棕色 -> brownly

你不能这样做的形容词是：大，高，直，长，小。

Adjectives for which you can't do this are: big, tall, straight, long, small.

You cannot add -ly to: big 大, tall 高, straight 直, long 长, small 小.

要从已经以“-y”结尾的形容词形成副词，请在添加“-ly”之前将“y”更改为“i”。

To form an adverb from an adjective that already ends in "-y", change the "y" to "i" before adding the "-ly".

angry 愤怒-> angrily, dry 干-> drily, pretty 漂亮-> prettily, wry 扭歪 -> wrily, heavy 重 -> heavily, bumpy 颠簸-> bumpily, happy 快乐 -> happily, lucky 幸运 -> luckily, healthy 健康 -> healthily, sorry 抱歉 -> sorrily, unhappy 不快乐 -> unhappily, easy 易 -> easily

airy 轻快的 -> airily, balmy 芳香 -> balmily, beefy 仡 -> beefily, busy 忙 -> busily, cheeky 厚脸皮 -> cheekily, blurry 模糊 -> blurrily, breezy 活泼的 -> breezily, chilly 寒冷 -> chillily, cloudy 多云的 -> cloudily, clumsy 笨拙 -> clumsily, dirty 脏 -> dirtily

dusty 尘土飞扬 -> dustily, empty 虚 -> emptily, fancy 花式的 -> fancily, filthy 肮脏 -> filthily, fluffy 蓬松 -> fluffily, giddy 头晕 -> giddily, gloomy 阴沉 -> gloomily, hairy 毛茸茸 -> hairily, hasty 匆 -> hastily, hazy 朦胧 -> hazily

icy 冷冰冰 -> icily, itchy 发痒的 -> itchily, jolly 痛快 -> jollily, juicy 多汁 -> juicily, lanky 瘦长 -> lankily, lazy 懒 -> lazily, messy 乱 -> messily, mighty 威武 -> mightily, nasty 讨厌 -> nastily, perky 儇 -> perkily, puny 弱小 -> punily, rainy 雨 -> rainily

risky 有风险 -> riskily, roomy 广 -> roomily, rusty 生疏 -> rustily, scary 害怕 -> scarily, shady 阴凉 -> shadily, skinny 枯瘦 -> skinnily, slimy 泥泞的 -> slimily, smelly 臭 -> smellily, smoky 烟 -> smokily, stealthy 鬼鬼祟祟 -> stealthily

stormy 暴风雨 -> stormily, sugary 含糖 -> sugarily, sunny 晴朗 -> sunnily, sticky 黏 -> stickily, tasty 可口 -> tastily, thirsty 渴 -> thirstily, thrifty 节俭 -> thriftily, tiny 小 -> tinily, ugly 丑陋 -> uglily, unfriendly 不友好 -> unfriendlily

unhealthy 不良 -> unhealthily, unlucky 不幸的 -> unluckily, unlikely 不会 -> unlikely (the same), wealthy 富裕 -> wealthily, weary 厌倦 -> wearily, windy 刮风的 -> windily, wintry 寒冬 -> wintrily

对于以“le”结尾的形容词，取走“e”并添加“-ly”。 对于以“ow”结尾的形容词，只需添加“-ly”即可。

For an adjective ending in "le", take away the "e" and add "-ly". For an adjective ending in "ow", just add "-ly".

little 小 -> littlly, simple 简单 -> simply, able 能够 -> ably, narrow 狭窄 -> narrowly, shallow 浅 -> shallowly

添加“-ly”以形成副词的更多形容词（注意'basic'有一个额外的“al”）。

More adjectives to which you add "-ly" to form the adverb (note 'basic' has an extra "al").

beautiful 美丽 -> beautifully, colourful 华美 -> colourfully, basic 基本 -> basically, common 普通 -> commonly, complicated 复杂 -> complicatedly, confused 困惑 -> confusedly, correct 正确 -> correctly, definite 定 -> definitely, determined 决心 -> determinedly

difficult 难 -> difficultly, excellent 优秀 -> excellently, experienced 有经验的 -> experiencedly, extensive 广泛 -> extensively, general 一般 -> generally, idiomatic 惯用的 -> idiomatically, important 重要 -> importantly, indirect 间接 -> indirectly

limited 有限 -> limitedly, misleading 误导 -> misleadingly, natural 自然 -> naturally, normal 正常 -> normally, perfect 完善 -> perfectly, personal 个人 -> personally, precise 精确 -> precisely, regular 定期 -> regularly, ridiculous 荒谬 -> ridiculously

要从以“ -e”结尾的形容词构成副词，通常在加“ -ly”之前先取走“ -e”。

To form an adverb from an adjective ending in "-e", usually you take away the "-e" before adding the "-ly".

feeble 微弱 -> feebly, true 真正 -> truly, gentle 温和 -> gently, handsome 英俊 -> handsomely, polite 有礼貌 -> politely, severe 严重 -> severely

一些形容词已经以“-ly”结尾，因此它们不会改变。

Some adjectives already end in "-ly" so they don't change.

heavenly 天上, early 早

英语当然有这个规则的例外！ 例子：

English of course has exceptions to this rule! Examples:

sly 狡猾 -> slyly, shy 害羞 -> shyly

有些副词不以“-ly”结尾！

Some adverbs do not end in -ly!

fast 快, hard 牢牢, straight 直

你不能写出一个副词：“丘陵”。

You cannot make an adverb from: "hilly".

程度副词

Adverbs Of Degree

学位副词告诉我们一个动作 - “多少......？” 或“多少......？”

Adverbs of degree tell us about an action - "How much ...?" or "How little...?"

这个列表中显示了许多程度副词，这是程度递减的顺序。

Many adverbs of degree are shown in this list, which is in order of decreasing degree.

totally 完全, extremely 非常, tremendously 异常, immensely 非常, entirely 完全, hugely 巨大, profoundly 深深, roundly 圆圆地, mightily 强烈地, greatly 非常, highly 高度, strongly 非常, extensively 广泛, widely 广泛, very 非常, really 真, virtually 实质上, perfectly 完美, practically 几乎, largely 大多, moderately 适当地, mostly 大多, partially 部分, slightly 略, adequately 充分, acceptably 可接受, almost 几乎, hardly 几乎不, poorly 糟糕

请注意，与相对较少的普通话副词相比，英语副词的选择范围很广。 英语是一种非常细致入微的语言！

Notice the large choice of English adverbs compared with relatively few Mandarin adverbs. English is an extremely nuanced language!

使用这些副词的句子示例：

Examples of sentences using these adverbs:

The girl sang extremely well. 这个女孩唱得非常好。
John travelled extensively within Australia. 约翰在澳大利亚广泛旅行。
He speaks English moderately well. 他说英语很好。

你不应该在一个句子中使用多个学位副词。 例如，你不能说“女孩唱得非常好”。

You should not use more than one adverb of degree in a sentence. For example, you cannot say "The girl sang extremely very well".

持续时间副词

Adverbs Of Duration

持续时间的副词告诉我们一个动作：“这个持续多久了？”

Adverbs of duration tell us about an action: "For how long did this go on?"

一些持续时间的副词显示在此列表中，其持续时间递减：

Some adverbs of duration are shown in this list, which is in order of decreasing duration:

forever 永远, permanently 永久性, shortly 不久, temporarily 暂时, briefly 简要地, very briefly 非常简短

句子的例子：

Examples of sentences:

John will love Yan forever. 约翰永远爱着艳。
The electricity supply was briefly interrupted. 电力供应短暂中断。
This street is closed temporarily. 这条街暂时关闭。
A shop assistant will be with you shortly. 店员很快就会和你在一起。

频率副词

Adverbs Of Frequency

频率副词告诉我们事情经常发生的频率。

Adverbs of frequency tell us how often something is done.

这个列表中显示了许多频率副词，它按频率递减的顺序排列：

Many adverbs of frequency are shown in this list, which is in order of decreasing frequency:

always 总是, nearly always 差不多总是, almost always 几乎总是, constantly 经常, continually 谆, usually 平时, generally 通常, normally 按理, regularly 经常, often 经常, frequently 经常, sometimes 有时, periodically 定期, occasionally 偶尔, intermittently 间歇, now and then 时不时, once in a while 偶尔, rarely 很少, seldom 很少, infrequently 不常, hardly ever 几乎没有, scarcely ever 几乎没有, almost never 几乎从不, never 决不

句子的例子：

Examples of sentences:

He almost always eats porridge for breakfast. 他早餐几乎总是吃粥。
Jan generally takes the bus to work. Jan一般乘公共汽车去上班。
She goes out occasionally. 她偶尔出门。
He seldom drinks alcohol. 他很少喝酒。

方式副词

Adverbs Of Manner

方式副词告诉我们行动是如何完成的（或应该完成的）。 这是最大的一组副词。

Adverbs of manner tell us how an action is done (or should be done). This is the biggest group of adverbs.

此列表中显示了许多方式副词，它们按字母顺序排列，因为方式副词是如此多样，因此无法在列表中排名。 对于没有普通话翻译的单词，将显示普通话形容词翻译。

Many adverbs of manner are shown in this list, which is in alphabetical order, because adverbs of manner are so diverse they cannot be ranked in a list. For words without a Mandarin translation, the Mandarin adjective translation is shown.

ably 干练, airily 漫不经心地, angrily 愤怒地, anxiously 焦急地, badly 惨, beautifully 精美, breezily 却轻描淡写, bumpily 颠簸, busily 忙着, capably干练, cheekily 厚脸皮, colourfully 多彩, complicatedly 复杂, confusedly 稀里糊涂, correctly 正确地, closely 密切, cloudily 黯然, clumsily 笨拙

determinedly 断然地, dirtily 脏, drily 干巴巴, dustily 尘土飞扬, easily 容易, emptily 空虚地, excellently 出色, extensively 广泛, fancily 幻想, fatly 脂肪, feebly 有气无力, fortunately 幸好, freely 自如, generally 通常, gently 平缓, giddily 晕眩, gloomily 沮丧地, handsomely 丰厚, hastily 草草, hazily 朦胧地

heavily 严重, happily 高高兴兴, highly 高度, hotly 激烈, icily 冷冷地, idiomatically 惯用地, importantly 重要的, indirectly 间接, intelligently 智能, juicily 多汁, lankily 瘦长, lazily 懒洋洋, luckily 幸, messily 乱七八糟, mightily 强烈地, misleadingly 误导, narrowly 险些, nastily 讨厌, naturally 自然, nicely 很好

normally 一般, perfectly 完美, perkily 自信的, personally 亲身, politely 礼貌, precisely 恰恰, prettily 娇滴滴, punily 弱小, quickly 很快, quietly 悄悄, redly 红色, regularly 经常, richly 丰富地, ridiculously 可笑, riskily 冒险地, rudely 无礼, rustily 锈蚀, sadly 可悲的是, safely 安然, scarily 害怕, severely 严重

simply 只是, slimily 泥泞的, slowly 慢慢地, smokily 烟, softly 轻轻的, stealthily 偷偷地, stickily 粘粘, stormily 暴风雨, strangely 奇怪, suddenly 突然, sunnily 晴朗, tastily 爽口, thinly 薄, thirstily 渴, thriftily 节俭, truly 真, unhappily 不幸, unhealthily 不健康, unluckily 不幸

weakly 弱, wealthily 丰富地, wearily 疲劳, windily 有风, wrily 扭歪

句子的例子：

Examples of sentences:

The girl ran quickly. 那女孩跑得很快。
Sandra smiled beautifully. 桑德拉(Sandra)笑得很漂亮。
Fred waited anxiously for the bus. 弗雷德焦急地等待着公共汽车。
The boy spoke nastily to his sister. 那男孩对他的妹妹说了一句话。

地方副词

Adverbs Of Place

地方副词告诉我们行动发生的地方。

Adverbs of place tell us where an action happens.

此列表中显示了一些位置副词，按字母顺序排列：

Some adverbs of place are shown in this list, which is in alphabetical order:

above 天, aboveground 地上, abroad 国外, anywhere 随地, downstairs 楼下, elsewhere 别处, here 这里, in (then the name of the place) 在, indoors 在室内, inside 内, outdoors 在户外, outside 外, somewhere 某处, there 那里, underground 地下, upstairs 楼上

句子的例子：

Examples of sentences:

Her iPhone is there, in her handbag. 她的手提包里有她的iPhone。
Your friends are here, in the kitchen. 你的朋友在这里，在厨房里。
She walked downstairs, to the cellar. 她走到楼下，去了地窖。
Three robbers were arrested in Oakleigh. 三名劫匪在奥克利被捕。
We were sitting outside for lunch. 我们坐在外面吃午饭。

概率副词

Adverbs Of Probability

概率副词告诉我们一个动作发生的可能性。

Adverbs of probability tell us how likely an action is to happen.

一些概率副词显示在此列表中，按概率递减的顺序排列。

Some adverbs of probability are shown in this list, which is in order of decreasing probability.

absolutely 绝对, certainly 当然, definitely 无疑, doubtless 毫无疑问, probably 大概, likely 容易, maybe 也许, perhaps 也许, possibly 或者, unlikely 不会, doubtful 疑

句子的例子：

Examples of sentences:

She will definitely go dancing tonight. 她一定会今晚去跳舞。
I can probably meet you at 1 pm for lunch. 我可以在下午1点见到你吃午饭。
Perhaps we can see a movie tonight? 也许我们今晚能看一部电影？
It is doubtful that he will play for his team tomorrow. 他明天会为自己的球队效力是值得怀疑的。

时间副词

Adverbs Of Time

这些副词告诉我们什么时候发生了什么，或者什么时候发生。

These adverbs tell us when something happened, or when it will happen.

一些时间副词显示在此列表中，按字母顺序排列：

Some adverbs of time are shown in this list, which is in alphabetic order:

after 后, afterwards 然后, already 已经, before 之前, during 中, eventually 终于, finally 最后, in the near future 在不远的将来, just 只是, last week 上个星期, last month 上个月, last year 去年, lately 最近, later 后来, next week 下周, next month 下个月, next year 明年, not in the near future 不是在不久的将来, not soon 不久, now 现在, outside of 在外面, recently 最近, soon 不久, still 仍然, this morning 今天早上, this afternoon 今天下午, this evening 今晚, today 今天, tomorrow 明天, yesterday 昨天

句子的例子：

Examples of sentences:

I haven't visited Canberra before. 我以前没去过堪培拉。
It's best to holiday in Darwin outside of the wet season. 在雨季之外，最好在达尔文度假。
We can eat a late dinner after seeing a movie. 看完电影后我们可以吃晚餐。
Fred plans to go to the Air Show next year. 弗雷德打算明年去参加航空展。

在哪里放置副词的句子

Where to place Adverbs in a sentence

最常见的地方是动词之后，有时之前。 例子：

The most common place is after a verb, sometimes before. Examples:

He followed them closely. 他密切关注着他们。
She spoke rudely. 她粗鲁地说。
The dog ran quickly. 狗跑得很快。
She goes out occasionally / She occasionally goes out. 她偶尔出去/她偶尔会外出。

或者，副词可以放在形容词前面。 例子：

Or, an adverb can be placed in front of an adjective. Examples:

He is extremely strong. 他非常强壮。
That talk you gave was really good. 你给的那个演讲非常好。
Their land is extensively cultivated. 他们的土地被广泛耕种。
Her cake is amazingly tasty. 她的蛋糕非常美味。

副词可以放在另一个副词的前面。 例子：

An adverb can be placed in front of another adverb. Examples:

Jan massaged her customer really vigorously. Jan非常积极地按摩她的顾客。
The dog ran very quickly. 狗跑得很快。
He is extremely unlikely to win. 他极不可能获胜。

副词可以放在名词之后，有时也可以放在名词之前。 例子：

Adverbs can be placed after, or sometimes in front of, nouns. Examples:

Our town will have a carnival next week. 我们镇将在下周举行狂欢节。
Fred joined his friends at the picnic outside. 弗雷德在外面野餐时加入了他的朋友。
Running inside, she shut the door. 跑到里面，她关上了门。

一些学位副词可以放在短语之前。 例子：

Some adverbs of degree can be placed before phrases. Examples:

Jim and Sandra had such a good time at the carnival. 吉姆和桑德拉在狂欢节上玩得很开心。
They are very close friends. 他们是非常亲密的朋友。
The play was moderately successful on Broadway. 该剧在百老汇取得了一定的成功。

学位副词可以放在数字和代词之前。 例子：

Adverbs of degree can be placed before numerals and pronouns. Examples:

Practically all our friends attended our engagement party. 几乎所有的朋友都参加了我们的订婚派对。
Almost 2000 people came to the carnival. 差不多2000人参加了狂欢节。

副词可以修改整个句子，通常放在它们之前。 例子：

Adverbs can modify entire sentences, generally being placed before them. Examples:

Fortunately his train was 5 minutes late. 幸运的是他的火车晚了5分钟。
Wearily he walked up the path to his house. 他一路走到他家的路上。
Personally, I don't trust him. 就个人而言，我不相信他。

频率副词通常出现在主语和动词之间。 例如，“他......吃”，“Jan ....吃”。

Adverbs of frequency usually appear between the subject and the verb in a sentence. For example, "He .... eats", "Jan .... takes".

John almost always eats porridge for breakfast. 约翰几乎总是早餐吃粥。
Jan generally takes the bus to work. Jan一般乘公共汽车去上班。

但有时它们可以放在动词之后！ 例如，“她去......”，可以用任何一种方式编写！

But sometimes they can be placed after the verb! For example, "She goes ....", which can be written either way!

She goes out occasionally. 她偶尔出门。
She occasionally goes out. 她偶尔会出去。

此外，如果动词是“将要”的时态之一，则应将任何频率副词放在其后：

Also, if the verb is one of the tenses of "to be", any adverb of frequency should be placed after it:

She is rarely late for work. 她很少上班迟到。
Microsoft Windows is often annoying when it crashes. Microsoft Windows崩溃时常常很烦人。

如果一个句子包含一个主要动词和一个次要动词，则应在它们之间放置任何频率副词。 例子：“不......喝”。

If a sentence contains a main verb and a secondary verb, any Adverb of Frequency should be placed between them. Examples: "Doesn't .... drink".

Fred doesn't usually drink wine. 弗雷德通常不喝酒。
Jan won't normally go out alone. Jan通常不会一个人出去。
Sandra has never flown to Sydney. 桑德拉(Sandra)从未飞往悉尼。

副词“经常”，“通常”，“有时”和“偶尔”可以在句子的开头出现。 例子：

The adverbs "often", "usually", "sometimes" and "occasionally" can go at the beginning of a sentence. Examples:

She occasionally goes out. / Occasionally she goes out. 她偶尔会出去。 /偶尔她出去。
I don't usually shop at Aldi. / Usually I don't shop at Aldi. 我通常不会在Aldi购物。 /通常我不在Aldi购物。
We sometimes buy pizza for dinner. / Sometimes we buy pizza for dinner. 我们有时会在晚餐时买披萨。 /有时我们会在晚餐时买披萨。

如果一个句子包含“习惯于”或“必须/必须”，则任何频率副词都会在它们之前。 例子：

If a sentence contains "used to" or "have to/has to", any Adverb of frequency goes before them. Examples:

Jan usually has to get up early for work. Jan通常不得不早起工作。
I always used to visit the Air Show. 我总是习惯参观航展。

为了结束本课，方式副词可以通过在其前面加上“更多”或“更多”这个词来形成比较或最高级，就像使用形容词一样。 例子：

To end this lesson, Adverbs of Manner may be made comparative or superlative by putting the word "more" or "most" in front of them, as you do with adjectives. Examples:

He worked the most determinedly in his class. 他在班上最坚定地工作。
She walked more slowly than her dog. 她比她的狗走得慢。