第 148 课：辅助动词

Lesson 148: Helper Verbs

These are verbs that go in front of other verbs to give us more information. Here is a list of these verbs, with their negatives. 这些是位于其他动词前面的动词，可为我们提供更多信息。 这是这些动词及其否定词的列表。

Note that there are many abbreviations, and they are used often. 请注意，有很多缩写词，而且它们经常被使用。You will much more often hear an English speaker say "can't" instead of "cannot", for example. 例如，您会经常听到说英语的人说“can't”而不是“cannot”。

CAN, CAN'T (or CANNOT) 可以，不能（或不能）

These verbs show ability, or lack of ability. 这些动词表示能力，或缺乏能力。

They show possibility, or impossibility. 它们显示了可能性或不可能。

They are used to request permission or help. 它们用于请求许可或帮助。Examples are: 例子是：

The students can spend less. 学生可以少花钱。Ability. 能力。

We can’t fix it. 我们无法修复它。Inability. 无力。

Can you help me? 你能帮助我吗？Request. 要求。

You can't help me, can you? 你不能帮我，是吗？ Inability. 无力。

You can't climb up there, can you? 你总不能爬上去吧？Inability. 无力。

Kevin can speak Mandarin very well. 凯文的普通话说得很好。Ability. 能力。

Frank's friend can fix his lawnmower this weekend. 弗兰克的朋友这个周末可以修理他的割草机。Ability. 能力。

Sandra can’t speak Mandarin. 桑德拉不会说普通话。Inability. 无力。

You can catch a train to Ringwood at 9:18. 您可以在 9:18 搭乘火车前往灵伍德。Possibility. 可能性。

The doctor can’t see you until tomorrow. 医生要到明天才能见你。 Impossibility. 不可能。

Can you lend me 20 bucks? 你能借我20美元吗？Request. 要求。

"Is your car broken?" Ernie said. “你的车坏了吗？” 厄尼说。"You can borrow mine." “你可以借我的。” Possibility. 可能性。

If I go on holiday a day earlier, I can detour to visit Disneyland. 如果我提前一天去度假，我可以绕道去迪斯尼乐园。 Possibility. 可能性。

Instead of "can", you can say or write "is able to", or "is not able to". 您可以说或写“is able to”或“is not able to”，而不是“can”。Examples: 例子：

John's new computer is able to work much more quickly. 约翰的新电脑运行速度更快。 Ability. 能力。

The local Apple store is able to fix your iPad in half an hour. 当地的 Apple 商店能够在半小时内修好您的 iPad。 Ability. 能力。

Fred won’t be able to go to work this week ; he has Covid. 弗雷德这周不能去上班； 他有新冠病毒。 Inability. 无力。

COULD, COULDN'T (or COULD NOT) 可以，不能（或不能）

These verbs are used when asking permission, or making a request. 这些动词在请求许可或提出请求时使用。

They are used when making suggestions. 在提出建议时使用它们。

They can be used to talk about the future. 它们可以用来谈论未来。

And they can talk about someone who showed ability in the past. 他们可以谈论过去表现出能力的人。 Examples: 例子：

"Could I borrow your electric drill?" Bert asked Ernie. “能借用你的电钻吗？” 伯特问厄尼。Asking for permission. 请求许可。

"Could you help me move the dining-room table?" Muriel asked Frank. “你能帮我搬一下餐桌吗？” 穆里尔问弗兰克。Request. 要求。

Could we try to fix the sticking front door by ourselves? 我们可以试着自己修好粘住的前门吗？ Suggestion. 建议。

I think the war in Ukraine could be over by summer. 我认为乌克兰的战争可能会在夏天结束。Future possibility. 未来的可能性。

Bert came out of retirement so he could train as a disability support worker. 伯特已经退休，因此他可以作为一名残疾支持工作者接受培训。Ability in the past. 过去的能力。

When John was younger he could run a 5-minute mile. 约翰年轻时，他可以跑 5 分钟一英里。 Ability in the past. 过去的能力。

Could I have your mobile number? 可以给我你的手机号码吗？ Polite request. 礼貌的请求。

Could I talk to someone about weedkillers please? 我可以和某人谈谈除草剂吗？ Polite request. 礼貌的请求。

You could visit Luna Park this afternoon. 你今天下午可以参观月神公园。 Suggestion. 建议。


Instead of "could", you can say or write "was able to" or "was not able to". 除了“could”，你可以说或写“was able to”或“was not able to”。Examples: 例子：

I was able to get to the bank today. 我今天可以去银行了。 Ability. 能力。

Alice wasn't able to get to the bank today. 爱丽丝今天没能去银行。 Inability. 无力。

He hasn’t been able to get in touch with his sister yet. 他还没有能够与他的妹妹取得联系。 Inability. 无力。

MAY, MAYN'T (or MAY NOT) 可能，可能不（或可能不）

These verbs are used when requesting permission, and when being given permission or denied permission, and when talking about the future. 这些动词用于请求许可、获得许可或拒绝许可以及谈论未来时。Examples: 例子：

May I have another cup of tea, please? 请再给我一杯茶好吗？Asking for permission. 请求许可。

Texas may become a major manufacturer of batteries for electric cars. 得克萨斯州可能成为电动汽车电池的主要制造商。Future possibility. 未来的可能性。

May I help you? 我可以帮你吗？ Polite request. 礼貌的请求。

Visitors may not wear open-toed shoes in the warehouse. 参观者不得在仓库内穿露趾鞋。Formal prohibition (= denial of permission). 正式禁止（= 拒绝许可）。

You may start reading your exam papers now. 你现在可以开始阅读试卷了。Formal permission. 正式许可。

We may go to the beach this afternoon. 我们今天下午可能会去海滩。Do you want to join us? 你想加入我们吗？ Future possibility. 未来的可能性。

The Socceroos may not make it to the second round of the World Cup. Socceroos 可能无法进入世界杯第二轮。 Negative possibility. 消极的可能性。

You can say the words "may as well" to make a suggestion, when there is no better alternative. 当没有更好的选择时，你可以说“may as well”来提出建议。 Examples: 例子：

You may as well come inside. 你不妨进来。John will be home soon. 约翰很快就会回家。Suggestion. 建议。

The trains are running very late tonight. 今晚火车开得很晚。 We may as well take a taxi. 我们不妨乘出租车。 Suggestion. 建议。

"Can" and "may" are often confused by English speakers. “Can”和“may”经常被说英语的人混淆。 "Can" shows ability, "may" shows permission. “Can”表示能力，“may”表示许可。Examples of correct English are: 正确的英语例子是：

Say "May I have another cup of tea?" rather than "Can I have another cup of tea?". 说“我可以再喝杯茶吗？” 而不是“我能再喝杯茶吗？”。

Say "You may start reading your exam papers." rather than "You can start reading your exam papers". 说“你可以开始阅读试卷了。” 而不是“你可以开始阅读你的试卷了”。

MIGHT, MIGHTN'T (or MIGHT NOT) 可能，可能不会（或可能不会）

These verbs are used when talking about possibilities, in the present or the future. 这些动词用于谈论现在或将来的可能性。 Examples: 例子：

We might not go on holiday this summer. 今年夏天我们可能不会去度假。Negative possibility. 消极的可能性。

If you go to the supermarket without a mask, you might catch Covid. 如果你不戴口罩去超市，你可能会感染 Covid。 Possibility. 可能性。

I don't want to phone her now, she might be sleeping. 我现在不想给她打电话，她可能正在睡觉。Present possibility. 目前的可能性。

Buy a lottery ticket for tomorrow, you might win something. 买一张明天的彩票，你可能会中奖。Future possibility. 未来的可能性。

You can say the words "might as well" to make a suggestion, when there is no better alternative. 当没有更好的选择时，你可以说“不妨”来提出建议。 Examples: 例子：

You might as well come inside. 你不妨进来。 John will be home soon. 约翰很快就会回家。Suggestion.

The trains are running very late tonight. 今晚火车开得很晚。 We might as well take a taxi. 我们不妨乘坐出租车。 Suggestion. 建议。

MUST, MUSTN'T (or MUST NOT) 必须，不得（或不得）

These verbs tell us that something is necessary, or there is an obligation. 这些动词告诉我们某事是必要的，或者有义务。They also show if something is not allowed. 他们还会显示是否不允许进行某些操作。 They also persuade. 他们也劝。 Examples: 例子：

We must get home by 7 pm. 我们必须在晚上 7 点之前回家。Necessity. 必要性。

You must be quiet! 你必须安静！ People are trying to sleep. 人们正在努力入睡。Obligation. 义务。

You must have a visa to enter Australia. 您必须持有签证才能进入澳大利亚。 Necessity. 必要性。

You mustn't drive over 40 when you're in a school zone. 当你在学区时，你的车速不得超过 40。 Prohibition. 禁止。

You must try this wine. 你一定要尝尝这种酒。 It’s good, from the Yarra Valley. 很好，来自亚拉河谷。 Persuasion. 劝说。

To persuade someone, you can also say or write "have to" instead of "must". Example: 为了说服某人，您也可以说或写“必须”而不是“必须”。 例子：

You'll have to visit us while you’re in Melbourne. 当你在墨尔本时，你必须拜访我们。 Persuasion. 劝说。

You can also say "don't have to" when something is not necessary. 当某些事情不是必需的时候，你也可以说“don't have to”。 Examples:例子： We don't have to go to work tomorrow. 我们明天不必去上班。 It's Grand Final Holiday. 这是总决赛假期。 Not necessary. 不必要。

You don't have to shout. 你不必大喊大叫。 We can all hear you ok! 我们都能听到你的声音！ Not necessary. 不必要。

You can say "has to" or "need to" instead of "must". 你可以说“必须”或“需要”而不是“必须”。 Generally, "need to" means something that is less urgent than "have to". 通常，“need to”表示比“have to”更不紧急的事情。 Examples: 例子：

Yan has to renew her visa in another month. 艳 必须在另一个月内续签她的签证。 Obligation. 义务。

I need to drop by the ATM and get some cash. 我需要去自动取款机取些现金。Necessity. 必要性。

I had to work late last night. 我昨晚不得不工作到很晚。Necessity. 必要性。

I needed a bit of a lie-in this morning. 今天早上我需要睡一会儿。I was tired. 我累了。Necessity. 必要性。

The negative of "need to" is "don't need to" or "need not", contracted to "needn't". “need to”的否定形式是“don't need to”或“need not”，缩略为“need't”。 Example: 例子：

You needn't worry about me getting home. 你不用担心我回家。 I'll catch a cab. 我会叫一辆出租车。

A final use of "must" is when you are almost 100% certain of something. “必须”的最后一种用法是当您几乎 100% 确定某事时。 Example: 例子：

Alice has been programming for years. 爱丽丝多年来一直在编程。 Her skills must be very good. 她的手艺一定很不错。

OUGHT TO, OUGHTN'T TO (or OUGHT NOT TO) 应该，不应该（或不应该）

These verbs say what is right, or correct, or probable. 这些动词表示什么是正确的、正确的或可能的。 Their negatives say what's wrong, or incorrect, or improbable. 他们的否定说明什么是错误的、不正确的或不可能的。 Examples: 例子：

We ought to sand and prime this timber before putting on a final coat of paint. 在涂上最后一层油漆之前，我们应该对这种木材进行打磨和打底。 Correct action. 正确的动作。

You oughtn't cross the road against a red signal. 你不应该闯红灯过马路。 Incorrect action. 不正确的动作。

Ten minutes ought to be enough time. 十分钟应该足够了。 Probably correct. 可能是正确的。

Women ought to be able to serve in the Army. 妇女应该能够在军队服役。 Correct action. 正确的动作。

You ought to have your car serviced before going on a long trip. 在长途旅行之前，你应该把你的车保养一下。 Correct action. 正确的动作。

SHALL, SHAN'T (or SHALL NOT) 应该、不应（或不应）

These verbs are used to make a suggestion or to offer help. 这些动词用于提出建议或提供帮助。They are also used to ask for instructions. 它们也用于请求指示。Examples: 例子

Shall I help you with your luggage? 要我帮你拿行李吗？Offer. 提供。

Shall I book lunch for 1 pm? 我可以预订下午 1 点的午餐吗？Suggestion. 建议。

Shall I do that or will you? 我做还是你做？Asking what to do. 问做什么。

Shall we go for a walk? 要不要去走一走？Polite suggestion, when you are sure the answer will be "yes". 礼貌的建议，当你确定答案会是“是”时。

Shall I call for a taxi? 我要叫辆出租车吗？Polite suggestion, when you are not sure the answer will be "yes". 礼貌的建议，当你不确定时，答案将是“是”。

SHOULD, SHOULDN'T (or SHOULD NOT) 应该、不应该（或不应该）

This verb is used to say, or ask, what is the correct or best action to take. 该动词用于表示或询问采取的正确或最佳行动是什么。Examples: 例子：

Do you want to go into the City? 你想进城吗？ You should take the train. 你应该坐火车。

You should be ashamed of yourselves, for making those comments on social media. 你应该为自己在社交媒体上发表这些评论感到羞耻。

My iPad isn't working as it should. 我的 iPad 无法正常工作。

"You should see a doctor about the pain in your hip." Muriel told Frank. “你的臀部疼痛，应该去看医生。” 穆里尔告诉弗兰克。

There should be an investigation into the Medibank hacking. 应该对 Medibank 黑客事件进行调查。

If you aren't feeling well, maybe you should do a R.A.T test for Covid (= Rapid Antigen Test, a test that can be done at home). 如果您感觉不舒服，也许您应该对 Covid 进行 R.A.T 测试（= 快速抗原测试，一种可以在家完成的测试）。

I should have emailed my new address to VicRoads, but I haven't had time. 我应该将我的新地址通过电子邮件发送给 VicRoads，但我没有时间。

You shouldn't have said anything. 你不应该说什么。

You should have said something. 你应该说些什么。

"Should I apologize to her for being rude?" “我应该为她的无礼向她道歉吗？” "Yes, I think you should." “是的，我认为你应该。”

We should fix this problem immediately! 我们应该立即解决这个问题！

I think we should check everything again. 我认为我们应该再次检查所有内容。

"Should" also means "suggest" or "want to". “应该”也意味着“建议”或“想要”。 Examples: 例子：

Where should we meet tonight? 今晚我们应该在哪里见面？

Should I put the jug on for a cuppa (= abbreviation of "cup of tea")? 我应该把水壶放在杯子上（=“一杯茶”的缩写）吗？

"Should" also shows an expectation. “应该”也表示期望。 Examples: 例子：

Sandra's report should be finished on time. 桑德拉的报告应该能按时完成。

Alice shouldn’t be late. 爱丽丝不应该迟到。Her train usually arrives on time. 她的火车通常准时到达。

"Should" and "shouldn't" can also be used to give advice. “应该”和“不应该”也可以用来给出建议。 Examples: 例子：

You should check that report before you email it. 您应该在通过电子邮件发送之前检查该报告。

You should sit up straight when using the computer. 使用电脑时应坐直。

"Should" can also be used to talk about possible future events. “应该”也可以用来谈论未来可能发生的事件。 Examples: 例子：

The number of tourists visiting Australia should increase next year. 明年访问澳大利亚的游客人数应该会增加。Uncertain prediction. 不确定的预测。

The wheat harvest should increase next year. 明年小麦收成应该会增加。 Uncertain prediction. 不确定的预测。

WILL, WON'T (or WILL NOT) 会，不会（或不会）

These verbs show decisions or promises. 这些动词表示决定或承诺。 They are "firmer" versions of "shall" etc. 它们是“应”等的“更坚定”版本。

The verb "will" is very often abbreviated, so "I will" becomes "I'll", "we will" becomes "we'll" and so on. 动词“will”经常被缩写，所以“I will”变成“I'll”，“we will”变成“we'll”等等。 Similarly, "I will not" can be said as "I'll not" and so on. 同样，“I will not”可以说成“I'll not”等等。 Examples: 例子：

The next tram isn't for 30 minutes, so I’ll walk. 下一班电车不到 30 分钟，所以我步行。Firm decision. 坚定的决定。

I'll do that for you if you like. 如果你愿意，我会为你做的。 Offer. 提供。

She'll not be happy that the baker has sold out of bread. 她不会因为面包师的面包卖完而高兴。 Certain prediction. 一定的预测。

I’ll get back to you first thing on Monday. 我会在星期一第一时间回复你。Promise. 承诺。

The wheat harvest will increase next year. 明年小麦收成会增加。 Certain prediction. 一定的预测。

The number of tourists visiting Australia will increase next year. 明年访问澳大利亚的游客人数将会增加。 Certain prediction. 一定的预测。

WOULD, WOULDN'T (or WOULD NOT). 会，不会（或不会）。

These verbs are used to make requests or ask permission, in a polite way. 这些动词用于以礼貌的方式提出请求或请求许可。

They are used to make invitations, or to ask for choices. 他们被用来发出邀请，或要求选择。 Examples: 例子：

Would you mind if I brought a colleague with me? 你介意我带一个同事吗？ Asking permission. 申请许可。

Would you pass the salt please? 请把盐递给我好吗？ Request. 要求。

Would you mind waiting a moment? 你介意等一下吗？ Request. 要求。

Would 7 o'clock suit you for dinner? 7点适合你吃晚饭吗？ Suggestion. 建议。

Would you like to play golf this Friday? 这个星期五你想打高尔夫球吗？ Invitation. 邀请函。

Would you prefer tea or coffee? 你喜欢茶还是咖啡？Asking for a choice. 要求选择。