第19课：名词

Lesson 19: Nouns

名词是英语中最大的单词组。

Nouns are the biggest group of words in English.

名词指的是事物（汽车），动物（狗），人（爱丽丝），质量（硬度），行动（说话），想法（民主）或地方（墨尔本）。

A noun refers to a thing (car), an animal (dog), a person (Alice), a quality (hardness), an action (speaking), an idea (democracy) or a place (Melbourne).

名词以“单数”形式（数量为1）和“复数”形式（不止一个）出现。 一般规则是：在单数形式中添加“-s”以形成复数。

Nouns come in "singular" form (a quantity of 1) and "plural" form (more than one). The general rule is: add an "-s" to the singular to make the plural.

注意与普通话的区别，其中多数通常必须由上下文确定。

Note the difference from Mandarin, in which plurality generally has to be determined by context.

重复一遍，几乎所有的英语名词都有不同的单数和复数拼写。

To repeat, almost all English nouns have different spellings for singular and plural.

以下是遵循规则的一些例子，单数和复数。 您在之前的课程中学到了一些知识。

Here are some examples, singular and plural, following the rule. You have learned some of them in previous lessons.

狗

dog, dogs

猫

cat, cats

床

bed, beds

汽车

car, cars

钢笔

pen, pens

牛

cow, cows

鸭

duck, ducks

眼睛

eye, eyes

按摩

massage, massages

注意

notice, notices

服务

service, services

以下是“添加-s”规则的一些例外情况，您必须逐个学习！

And here are some exceptions to the "add an -s" rule, which you have to learn one by one!

男人

man, men

女人

woman, women

儿童

child, children

鹅

goose, geese

羊

sheep, sheep

齿

tooth, teeth

脚丫子

foot, feet

鹿

deer, deer

鱼

fish, fish

苍蝇

fly, flies

小狗

puppy, puppies

狼

wolf, wolves

实际上，您可以添加另一条规则：如果单数名词以“-y”结尾，则其复数以“-ies”结尾。

In fact, you could add another rule: if a singular noun ends in "-y", its plural ends in "-ies".

请注意，有些名词不会将拼写从单数更改为复数！ 它们的数量通常必须由上下文确定。

Note some nouns do not change their spelling from singular to plural! Their plurality generally has to be determined by context.

上面的例子是“具体”名词。 你可以看到，闻到，听到或触摸它们。

The examples above are "concrete" nouns. You can see, smell, hear or touch them.

还有“抽象”的名词，它们是情感或想法。 这里有些例子：

There are also "abstract" nouns, which are emotions or ideas. Here are some examples:

信仰

belief, beliefs

友谊

friendship, friendships

幸福

happiness, happiness

爱

love, loves

记忆

memory, memories

同情

sympathy, sympathies

真相

truth, truths