第20课：更多类型的名词 |
Lesson 20: More Types of Nouns |
英语也有“群体”名词，指的是人群，动物或事物。 |
English also has "group" nouns, which refer to groups of people, animals or things. |
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军队 |
army, armies |
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听众 |
audience, audiences |
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类 |
class, classes |
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家庭 |
family, families |
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群 |
flock, flocks |
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组 |
group, groups |
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一群 |
herd, herds |
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对 |
pair, pairs |
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球队 |
team, teams |
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我们通常在组名词之后使用“of”这个词。 例如，“一群奶牛”。 |
We generally use the word "of" after a group noun. For example, "A herd of cows". |
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一群奶牛 |
a herd of cows |
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一群羊 |
a flock of sheep |
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一双袜子 |
a pair of socks |
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当将一组视为一个单一单位时，该组名词将被视为单数，而不是复数。 |
When a group is considered as a single unit, the group noun is treated as singular, not plural. |
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举个例子，有拿破仑波拿巴的说法：“一支军队在它的肚子上游行”，这意味着如果一群人没有得到充足的食物就无法有效地发挥作用。 |
As an example, there is Napolean Bonaparte's saying: "An army marches on its stomach", meaning that a group of people cannot function effectively if they are not well fed. |
An army marches on its stomach. |
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但是当你在谈论群体中的个体时，你可以将名词视为复数。 |
But when you are talking about individuals within the group, you may treat the noun as plural. |
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例如：“班上一直在争论。” 你在这里的意思是：“班上的人一直在争论”。 |
For example: "The class have been arguing all day." What you mean here is: "The people in the class have been arguing all day". |
The class have been arguing all day. |
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名词可以是“可数”或“不可数”。 可数名词是可以算作单独对象的东西。 它们具有单数形式和复数形式。 例子： |
A noun can be "countable" or "uncountable". Countable nouns are things that can be counted as separate objects. They have a singular form and a plural form. Examples: |
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一只狗，两只狗 |
a dog, two dogs |
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一辆车，五辆车 |
a car, five cars |
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一个橘子，四个橘子 |
an orange, four oranges |
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一只袜子，两只袜子 |
a sock, two socks |
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不可数名词不能算作单独的对象，也不能复数。 例如： |
Uncountable nouns cannot be counted as separate objects, and are never plural. For example: |
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设备 equipment |
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我们不能在这些名词前面说“a”或“an”或任何数字。 相反，我们说的短语如：“一块”或“一片”或“一些”或“一点点”或“很多”或“很多”）。 |
We cannot say "a" or "an" or any number in front of these nouns. Instead, we say phrases like: "a piece of" or "a slice of" or "some" or "a little" or "much" or "a lot"). |
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一件家具 |
a piece of furniture |
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一点信息 |
a little information |
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一些沙子 |
some sand |
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很多水 |
a lot of water |
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英语中有许多“复合名词”，由两个或多个单词组成。 它们可以连接在一起，用连字符连接（参见第2课用于连字符的描述）或者写成两个单独的单词。 |
English has many "compound nouns", which are made up from two or more words. They may be joined together, joined by a hyphen (refer to Lesson 2 for the description of a hyphen) or written as two separate words. |
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在下面的示例中，“等于”符号（=）表示“由...组成”，而“加号”符号（+）表示“与...连接”。 |
In the examples below, the "equals" symbol (=) means "is made up of", and the "plus" symbol (+) means "joined with". |
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您会发现有时复合名词的含义与所连接的部分完全不同！ |
You will see that sometimes the compound noun has a meaning that is very different from the joined parts! |
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任何人=任何+身体 |
anybody = any + body |
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卧室=床+房间 |
bedroom = bed + room |
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报到=校验+在 |
check-in = check + in |
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橱柜=杯子+木版 |
cupboard = cup + board |
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每个人=每个+一 |
everyone = every + one |
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耳机=头+手机 |
headphones = head + phones |
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操纵杆=快乐+棒 |
joystick = joy + stick |
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会议室=会议+房间 |
meeting room = meeting + room |
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报纸=新闻+纸 |
newspaper = news + paper |
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周末=周+结束 |
weekend = week + end |
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富裕=好吧+离 |
well-off = well + off |
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要完成本课程，这里有一些“专有名词”， 用于指定特定人员，组织或地点的单词。 他们总是以大写字母开头。 如果名称中有多个单词，则每个单词都以大写字母开头，每个单词都是一个单独的名词。 |
To finish this lesson, here are some "proper nouns", words which name specific people, organisations or places. They always start with a capital letter. If there is more than one word in the name, each starts with a capital and each is a separate noun. |
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墨尔本 |
Melbourne |
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劳斯莱斯 |
Rolls-Royce |
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艾菲尔铁塔 |
The Eiffel Tower |
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星期三 |
Wednesday |
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丰田卡罗拉 |
Toyota Corolla |
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