第29课。否定。

Lesson 29. Negatives.

我们在第22课27中的动词例子是“积极的”。 事情正在发生，或已经发生，或将会发生。

Our verb examples in Lessons 22...27 have been "positive". Things are happening, or have happened, or will happen.

但你也可以表达消极行为。 这些是未发生或未发生或不会发生的事情。

But you can also express negative actions. These are things that are not happening, or did not happen, or will not happen.

使用的基本词是“not (不)”。 使用“not”被称为“否定”动词。

The essential word to use is "not". Use of "not" is said to "negate" the verb.

“Not”需要在其前面使用动词“我做”的形式之一。 这是一些例子。

"Not" needs to have one of the forms of the verb "I do" in front of it. Here are examples.

请注意：从这时起，John将以正常速度发言。

Please note: From this point onwards, John will speak at a normal speed.

现在简单时态：我没有，他没有，她没有，它不是，你没有，我们没有，他们没有。

Present Simple tense: I do not, he does not, she does not, it does not, you do not, we do not, they do not.

现在持续：我不是，他不是，她不是，它不是，你不是，我们不是，他们不是。

Present Continuous: I am not, he is not, she is not, it is not, you are not, we are not, they are not.

过去简单：我没有，他没有，她没有，它没，你没有，我们没有，他们没有。

Past Simple: I did not, he did not, she did not, it did not, you did not, we did not, they did not.

过去持续：我不是，他不是，她不是，它不是，你不是，我们不是，他们不是。

Past Continuous: I was not, he was not, she was not, it was not, you were not, we were not, they were not.

未来简单：我不会，他不会，她不会，它不会，你不会，我们不会，他们不会。

Future Simple: I will not, he will not, she will not, it will not, you will not, we will not, they will not.

未来持续：我不会，他不会，她不会，它不会，我们不会，你不会，他们不会。

Future Continuous : I will not be, he will not be, she will not be, it will not be, we will not be, you will not be, they will not be.

英语使用涉及“不”的许多收缩：

English uses many contractions involving "not":

does not 成为 doesn't

do not 成为 don't

is not 成为 isn't

are not 成为 aren't

did not 成为 didn't

was not 成为 wasn't

were not 成为 weren't

will not 成为 won't

shall not 成为 shan't

以下是一些示例，使用您之前学过的动词。 约翰说的是积极形式，其次是否定形式。

Here are some examples, using verbs you have learned earlier. John speaks the positive form followed by the negative form.

他说。 他跟她说话。 他没有说话。 他没跟她说话。

He talks. He talks to her. He does not talk. He doesn't talk to her.

我们有。 我们有很多朋友。 我们没有。 我们没有很多朋友。

We have. We have many friends. We do not have. We don't have many friends.

我们吃。 我们在自助餐厅吃饭。 我们不在自助餐厅吃饭。 我们不在自助餐厅吃饭。

We eat. We eat in the cafeteria. We do not eat in the cafeteria. We don't eat in the cafeteria.

你按摩。 你努力按摩我。 你不要用力按摩我。 你不要用力按摩我。

You massage. You massage me hard. You do not massage me hard. You don't massage me hard.

她在说话。 她正和孩子说话。 她不说话。 她不跟孩子说话。

She is talking. She is talking to the child. She is not talking. She isn't talking to the child.

它们正在运行。 他们正在远离狗。 他们没有跑。 他们不是逃避狗。

They are running. They are running away from the dog. They are not running. They aren't running away from the dog.

他有。 他吃早餐。 他没有吃早餐。 他没有吃早餐。

He had. He had breakfast. He did not have breakfast. He didn't have breakfast.

她跑了。 那个女孩跑在街上。 她没跑。 她没有在街上跑。

She ran. The girl ran on the street. She did not run. She didn't run on the street.

我们坐下了。 我们坐在花园外面。 我们没有坐。 我们没有坐在花园外面。

We sat. We sat outside in the garden. We did not sit. We didn't sit outside in the garden.

它正在运行。 狗正在公园里跑。 它没有运行。 那条狗没有在公园跑步。

It was running. The dog was running in the park. It was not running. The dog wasn't running in the park.

我们坐着。 我们坐在外面。 我们没有坐。 我们没有坐在外面。

We were sitting. We were sitting outside. We were not sitting. We weren't sitting outside.

我会说。 我今晚会跟朋友说话。 我不会说话。 今天晚上我不会和朋友说话。

I shall talk. I'll talk to my friend this evening. I shall not talk. I shan't talk to my friend this evening.
要么: I'm going to talk to my friend this evening. I'm not going to talk to my friend this evening.

她会按摩。 这位女士将很快按摩她的朋友。 她不会按摩。 这位女士不会很快按摩她的朋友。

She will massage. The woman will massage her friend shortly. She will not massage. The woman won't massage her friend shortly.
要么: The woman's going to massage her friend shortly. The woman's not going to massage her friend shortly.

它会坐着。 狗会坐在我的膝盖上。 它不会坐着。 狗不会坐在我的车上。

It will be sitting. The dog'll be sitting on my lap in the car. It will not be sitting. The dog won't be sitting on my lap in the car.
要么: The dog's going to be sitting on my lap in the car. The dog's not going to be sitting on my lap in the car.

我会坐着。 我会坐在房间的后面。 我不会坐。 我不会坐在房间的后面。

I shall be sitting. I'll be sitting at the back of the room. I shall not be sitting. I shan't be sitting at the back of the room.
要么: I'm going to be sitting at the back of the room. I'm not going to be sitting at the back of the room.

要结束本课程，请注意您可以在一个句子中使用双重否定。 例如，“不作出这个决定是不好的”。 这些相互抵消，但更加强调你的英语。 更多内容在后面的课程中。

To end this lesson, please note that you can have double-negatives in a sentence. For example, "It will not be good to not make this decision". These cancel each other, but give more emphasis to your English. More in a later lesson.