第42课：墨尔本的交通系统

Lesson 42: Melbourne's Transport System

Melbourne's public transport system includes rail, tram and bus services. Its tram network is the largest in the world. Almost 300 bus routes and 16 rail lines serve Greater Melbourne. 墨尔本的公共交通系统包括铁路，电车和公共汽车服务。 它的有轨电车网络是世界上最大的。 大约300条公交线路和16条铁路线为大墨尔本地区提供服务。

However because Melbourne has developed into a sprawling city, most trips are made by private cars. Public transport is used by less than 20 percent of people travelling to and from work. 然而，由于墨尔本已发展成为一个庞大的城市，大多数旅行都是由私家车制造的。 不到20％的上下班人士使用公共交通工具。

Melbourne has a fully integrated ticketing system across all types of metropolitan public transport: the 'myki' contactless smart card. Passengers need to swipe the card close to a wireless reader as they board and leave each vehicle. A central computer determines the lowest-cost fare for each day's travel and debits your account. 墨尔本拥有一个完全集成的票务系统，涵盖所有类型的大都市公共交通：“myki”非接触式智能卡。 当乘客登机并离开每辆车时，乘客需要将卡刷到靠近无线阅读器的位置。 中央计算机确定每天旅行的最低票价并扣除您的帐户。

Myki fares are calculated in two zones, an inner "yellow" zone and an outer "blue" zone. Travel entirely within a zone is cheaper than travel between zones. Myki票价计算在两个区域，一个内部“黄色”区域和一个外部“蓝色”区域。 完全在区域内旅行比在区域之间旅行便宜。

Myki accounts may be "topped up" (adding extra money) at machines at railway stations. Regular commuters can buy discounted "myki passes". Myki帐户可能会在火车站的机器上“加满”（增加额外的钱）。 普通上班族可以购买打折的“myki pass”。

The suburb of Box Hill is the city's largest interchange for trains (2 lines), buses (18 routes) and trams (1 line). The first electric tram in the city (built in 1889) linked Box Hill and Doncaster. It was removed decades ago, and Doncaster is now served by buses only. Box Hill郊区是该市最大的火车（2线），公共汽车（18条路线）和有轨电车（1条线）的交汇处。 这座城市的第一辆电车（建于1889年）与Box Hill和Doncaster相连。 它在几十年前被删除，而唐卡斯特现在仅由公共汽车提供服务。

CARS 汽车

Australia's largest freeway network comprises the Eastern Freeway, the Western Ring Road, the CityLink Tollway, the Eastlink Tollway,the Peninsula Link Freeway, the Monash Freeway, the South Gippsland Freeway and the Tullamarine Freeway. 澳大利亚最大的高速公路网络包括东部高速公路，西环路，CityLink收费公路，Eastlink收费公路，Peninsula Link高速公路，蒙纳士高速公路，南吉普斯兰高速公路和Tullamarine高速公路。

Freeways cross the Yarra River, which runs through Melbourne, on the West gate Bridge and the Bolte Bridge. Many smaller bridges carry smaller roads over the Yarra and Maribyrnong Rivers. 高速公路穿过穿过墨尔本的亚拉河，在西门大桥和Bolte大桥上。 许多较小的桥梁在Yarra和Maribyrnong河上行驶较小的道路。

BUSES 巴士

The bus network consists of about 300 routes, including 21 night routes, franchised to 50 bus companies. All accept myki cards, except for one: the Skybus Super Shuttle between Melbourne Airport and Southern Cross railway station. 巴士网络包括约300条路线，包括21条夜间路线，特许经营50间巴士公司。 所有人都接受myki卡，除了一张：墨尔本机场和南十字火车站之间的Skybus超级班车。

TRAMS 电车

The tram network is the World's largest, with nearly 500 trams on 24 routes running on 250 km of double track. Most tracks are laid along major roads. While this is convenient for accessing shops and workplaces, it makes this one of the slowest tram networks in the World. 电车网络是世界上最大的电车网络，在250条双轨道上的24条路线上有近500条电车。 大多数轨道都沿着主要道路铺设。 虽然这对于进入商店和工作场所很方便，但它却成为世界上最慢的有轨电车网络之一。

One circular tram route around the inner city, known as the "City Circle", is free. Vintage trams operate this route. 内城周围的一条环形电车路线被称为“城市圈”，是免费的。 老式电车运营这条路线。

Privately-operated Restaurant trams run from Southbank, through the inner city, to St Kilda. 私人经营的餐厅电车从南岸穿过市中心，前往圣基尔达。

METRO RAIL 地铁

More than 300 electric trains run on a 16-line heavy rail network. There are more than 200 suburban railway stations. All are staffed by PSOs (Protective Services Officers) from 6pm until the final train for that day. 超过300列电动列车在16线重轨网络上运行。 有200多个郊区火车站。 所有人员均由PSO（保护服务人员）从下午6点开始工作，直到当天的最后一班列车。

Metro, rural and interstate trains interchange at Southern Cross railway station in central Melbourne. Flinders Street is another major railway station. 墨尔本市中心南十字火车站的地铁，乡村和州际列车交汇处。 弗林德斯街是另一个主要的火车站。

There is a small circular underground section called the "City Loop". It connects stations in the inner city. Work has started on the "Metro Tunnel" to increase the size and capacity of the City Loop. 有一个叫做“城市环路”的小圆形地下部分。 它连接内城的车站。 “地铁隧道”的工作已经开始，以增加城市环路的规模和容量。

The state government has an ongoing programme to remove level crossings (these are intersections of roads and train lines, controlled by boom gates) by running trains in cuttings under the road, or by raising train lines above the road. 州政府正在制定一项计划，通过在公路下的火车上运行火车，或通过在公路上方提升火车线路来消除平交道口（这些是道路和火车线路的交叉点，由吊臂闸门控制）。

Planning for a rail line to Melbourne Airport is underway. Planning has also started for a cross-town rail service connecting outer suburbs including Monash University and Chadstone Shopping centre. 规划到墨尔本机场的铁路线正在进行中。 规划也开始了跨越城镇的铁路服务，连接包括莫纳什大学和查斯顿购物中心在内的郊区。

REGIONAL RAIL 区域铁路

Melbourne is the centre of the state's regional freight and passenger rail network, with 7 lines operated by V/Line. Parts of these lines within the metro area accept myki cards. 墨尔本是该州区域货运和客运铁路网络的中心，有7条线路由V / Line运营。 都市区内的部分线路接受myki卡。

Melbourne is connected to Sydney by the "TrainLink XPT" and to Adelaide by "The Overland" services. 墨尔本通过“TrainLink XPT”与悉尼相连，通过“The Overland”服务与阿德莱德相连。

RAIL FREIGHT 铁路运输

The Port of Melbourne is Australia's largest cargo port, servicing more than 3,000 ships each year. The docks are served by a rail network mainly separate from the passenger network. 墨尔本港是澳大利亚最大的货运港口，每年为3,000多艘船舶提供服务。 码头由主要与乘客网络分开的铁路网络提供服务。

AIRPORTS 机场

The largest airport, named Tullamarine Airport or Melbourne Airport, is Australia's second-busiest, serving more than 30 airlines. It lies 23 km north-west of the city centre. There is no train or tram access. 最大的机场，名为Tullamarine机场或墨尔本机场，是澳大利亚第二繁忙的机场，为30多家航空公司提供服务。 它位于市中心西北23公里处。 没有火车或电车通道。

It is a hub for passenger airlines Qantas, Jetstar, Tiger and Virgin, and cargo airlines Qantas Freight and Toll Priority. 它是乘客航空公司Qantas，Jetstar，Tiger和Virgin以及货运航空公司Qantas Freight and Toll Priority的枢纽。

Melbourne's second airport, Avalon Airport, lies between Melbourne and Geelong, to the south-west. It serves Jetstar's domestic services and AirAsia X service to Kuala Lumpur. There is no train or tram access. 墨尔本的第二个机场是阿瓦隆机场，位于墨尔本和西南的吉朗之间。 它为Jetstar的国内服务和飞往吉隆坡的AirAsia X服务提供服务。 没有火车或电车通道。

There are 3 minor airports: Essendon, Moorabbin and Point Cook. They cater for small aircraft on regional routes, private aircraft and the RAAF (Royal Australian Air Force). 有3个小型机场：Essendon，Moorabbin和Point Cook。 他们为区域航线上的小型飞机，私人飞机和澳大利亚皇家空军（澳大利亚皇家空军）提供服务。

BICYCLES 自行车

Melbourne has many bicycle paths (shared with pedestrians, away from roads) and bike lanes (marked out on the left-hand side of roads). 墨尔本有许多自行车道（与行人共用，远离道路）和自行车道（标记在道路的左侧）。

Two trials of electric scooters are underway, from companies "Lime" and "Neuron". They are limited to a maximum speed of 20 kilometres per hour (abbreviated: kph) and are tracked by GPS. 来自“Lime”和“Neuron”公司的两项电动滑板车试验正在进行中。 它们的最高时速限制为每小时 20 公里（缩写：kph），并由 GPS 跟踪。

TAXIS 出租车

Melbourne has over 4,000 licensed taxis with meters. This includes over 400 that can carry wheelchairs. Taxis no longer are required to be painted yellow. 墨尔本有超过4,000个带米的许可出租车。 这包括400多个可以携带轮椅的人。 出租车不再需要涂成黄色。

Ridesharing operators, such as DiDi, Ola and Uber, operate. DiDi，Ola和Uber等共乘运营商也在运营。

FERRIES 渡轮

There are two public ferries - the Westgate Punt, running between Spotswood and Fishermans Bend, and the French Island Ferry, running from Stony Point to French Island and Cowes. 有两条公共渡轮 - 位于Spotswood和Fishermans Bend之间的Westgate Punt，以及从Stony Point到法国岛和考斯的法国岛渡轮。

Privately run ferries travel from Southbank, along the Yarra River, to Williamstown, and across Port Phillip Bay. 私人渡轮从南岸，亚拉河沿岸，威廉斯敦和菲利普港湾出发。

SHIPS and INTERSTATE FERRIES 船和州际渡轮

Cruise ships and large ferries dock at Station Pier on Port Phillip Bay. There is a defined dredged channel up the bay from its narrow entrance to the south. 游轮和大型渡轮停靠在菲利普港湾的火车站码头。 从狭窄的南入口到海湾上方有一条明确的疏浚通道。

The "Spirit of Tasmania" is a large vehicular ferry which crosses Bass Strait to Tasmania. “塔斯马尼亚精神”是一艘大型车辆渡轮，横跨巴斯海峡至塔斯马尼亚。

<< 上一个 Back

Index 指数

Next 下一步>>