课82：更多的词既是名词/形容词又是动词，具有多种含义：B (第2部分)

Lesson 82: More Words that are Both Nouns/Adjectives and Verbs, with many Meanings: B (Part 2)

BOSS 老板 / 上司 / 给老板

boss (n), bosses (pl): The person who is in charge of a business and directs its employees. 负责企业并指导其员工的人。 Example: The economist was pleased by her promotion to be the boss of a multi-national company. 例子：经济学家对她的晋升感到高兴，她成为一家跨国公司的老板。

"to be your own boss" = to work for yourself and make your own decisions. “成为自己的老板” =为自己工作并做出自己的决定。 Example: John is pleased to be his own boss, although his working hours can be a bit long. 示例：约翰很高兴成为自己的老板，尽管他的工作时间可能会很长。

"the boss" [SL:] = the person who makes important decisions in a family. “老板” [SL：] =在家庭中做出重要决定的人。 Example: Frank and Muriel get on well together, but Muriel is the boss in the kitchen. 例子：弗兰克和穆里尔相处融洽，但穆里尔是厨房的老板。

boss (n): The person who is your manager at work. English idiom says that they are "higher than you in the pecking order". 是您上班的经理的人。 英语成语说，他们“在啄食顺序上比你高”。 Example: Betty says she is happy with her boss, but that may be an act. 示例：贝蒂说，她对上司很满意，但这可能是一个举动。

boss (n): A raised rounded decoration, or part of a machine. 凸起的圆形装饰，或机器的一部分。 Example: the ceilings in the historic house feature attractive plaster bosses. 例如：这座历史悠久的房屋的天花板上有吸引人的灰泥老板。

boss (v): To tell someone what to do, a lot. 告诉某人做什么，很多。 Example: Muriel's older grandchild enjoys bossing the younger one. 例如：穆里尔的大孙子喜欢与小儿子一起当老板。 I/you/we/they/ boss, he/she/it/ bosses (note spelling, extra -E). /am/is/are/ bossing. /all/ bossed. /was/were/ bossing. /shall/will/ boss. /shall/will/ be bossing.

BOTHER 麻烦 / 忧 / 烦 / 烦扰 / 劳神

bother (n), bothers (pl): Trouble or problem or inconvenience. 麻烦，问题或不便之处。 Examples: I'm driving to the shops, so I can drop you at the station - it's no bother. 例子：我开车去商店，所以我可以把你送到车站-不用理会。 I had a bit of bother with the staff at Centrelink. 我对Centrelink的工作人员有些烦恼。 She has never owned a car because she doesn't want the bother of registration, insurance and repairs. 她从未拥有过汽车，因为她不想麻烦登记，保险和维修。 It's a lot of bother, driving for two days to a music festival - you must be enthusiastic! 开车两天去参加音乐节很麻烦-您一定很热心！ Please don't go to any bother on my account (= don't make a special effort to do this for me). 请不要为我的帐户而烦恼（=不必花大力气为我做这件事）。

bother (n): An annoying person or situation. 令人讨厌的人或情况。 Examples: I'm sorry to be a bother, but I lost your phone number; could you give it to me again? 例如：很抱歉打扰您，但我丢失了您的电话号码； 你能再给我吗？ These religious door-knockers are a real bother. 这些宗教门环是真实的兄弟。

bother (v): To make an effort to do something. 努力做某事。 Examples: Why should I bother helping her; she never thanks me! 例子：为什么我要麻烦她呢？ 她从不感谢我！ Don't bother washing the dishes - I'll do them later. 别再洗碗了-我待会再洗。 I'm annoyed that my sister didn't bother to phone on my birthday. 我很生气，姐姐在我生日那天没有打扰电话。 You'd have found your wallet if you'd bothered looking in the car. 如果您不愿意在车上看，就会找到钱包。 Why bother weeding the garden, since the weeds just grow back? 既然杂草长回来了，为什么还要在花园里除草呢？ I/you/we/they/ bother, he/she/it/ bothers. /am/is/are/ bothering. /all/ bothered. /was/were/ bothering. /shall/will/ bother. /shall/will/ be bothering.

"can't be bothered" = being too tired or lazy to do something. “不能打扰” =太累或懒得做某事。 Examples: I can't be bothered to write that report tonight. 例子：今晚我不会写这份报告。 Usually I'm so tired when I get home, I can't be bothered cooking. 通常我到家后会很累，我不会做饭。

bother (v): To make someone feel anxious or upset. 使某人感到焦虑或不安。 Examples: I don't care if my sister doesn't phone on my birthday - it doesn't bother me. 例子：我不在乎我姐姐生日那天不打电话-它不会打扰我。 Does it bother you, living by yourself? 独自生活会打扰您吗？ It bothers Alice that the handsome accounts clerk doesn't seem interested in her any more. 令爱丽丝感到困扰的是，英俊的帐务员似乎不再对她感兴趣。

bother (v): To annoy or cause problems for someone. 惹恼或引起某人的麻烦。 Examples: I'm sorry to bother you, but could you give me your phone number again? 示例：很抱歉打扰您，但是您可以再给我您的电话号码吗？ The noise at the T20 cricket match was beginning to bother Frank and Muriel, so they left early. T20板球比赛的喧嚣声开始困扰着Frank和Muriel，因此他们提早离开了。 Don't bother the electrician when he's working! 电工工作时不要打扰他！ If your ex-husband keeps phoning and bothering you, call the Police. 如果您的前夫一直在打电话和打扰您，请致电警察。

"bother!" (interj): A very mild form of "bugger!" 一种非常温和的“虫子”形式。 Example: Bother! I've left my mobile at home! 示例：打扰！ 我已经把手机留在家中了！

bothersome (adj) = annoying or causing trouble. 麻烦=烦人或引起麻烦。 Examples: These religious door-knockers are bothersome. 例子：这些宗教门环很烦人。 Noise from the building site next door is becoming bothersome.隔壁建筑工地发出的噪音变得烦人。

BOUNCE 弹跳 / 乱跳 / 跳 / 跳跃 / 蹦

bounce (n), bounces (pl): An act of bouncing, hitting some surface and moving away from it. 弹跳，撞到某个表面并远离它的动作。 Example: After one bounce the cricket ball crossed the boundary rope. 示例：弹跳一圈后，板球越过了边界绳。

bounce (n): The quality that makes something able to bounce. 使某物能够反弹的质量。 Example: This ball has lost its bounce! 示例：该球失去了弹跳！

"give your hair bounce" = make your hair look thick and shiny. “使头发弹起” =使头发看起来浓密而有光泽。 Example: Many shampoos claim to give your hair bounce. 例子：许多洗发水声称能使头发弹跳。

bounce (n): An improvement, or an increase in something. 改善或增加。 Examples: Melbourne has seen a bounce in drug-dealing. 例如：墨尔本的毒品交易出现反弹。 A strong bounce on Wall Street pushed the local Stock Market higher. 华尔街的强劲反弹推高了当地股市。 The politician's speech on TV has given his party a bounce. 这位政治家在电视上的讲话使他的政党反弹了。

bounce (v): To hit a surface and move away. 击中表面并移开。 Examples: The tennis player bounced the ball slowly. 例子：网球运动员缓慢地弹跳球。 Frank's backpack bounced (= moved up and down) on his back as he walked. 弗兰克走路时，他的背包在他的背上弹跳（=上下移动）。 Children enjoy bouncing on beds. 孩子们喜欢在床上弹跳。 The grandmother bounced a baby on her knee. 祖母在膝盖上弹跳了一个婴儿。 I/you/we/they/ bounce, he/she/it/ bounces. /am/is/are/ bouncing (note spelling, no -E). /all/ bounced (note spelling, single -E). /was/were/ bouncing. /shall/will/ bounce. /shall/will/ be bouncing.

bounce (v): To move in an energetic, enthusiastic way. 以充满活力，热情的方式前进。 Examples: Alice woke with a smile and bounced out of bed. 例如：爱丽丝微笑着醒来，跳下床。 The young woman bounced into the office, showing off her new engagement ring. 这位年轻女子弹跳入办公室，炫耀她的新订婚戒指。

bounce (a cheque) (v): To write a cheque that is not accepted by a bank because there is no money in your account. 写一张银行不接受的支票，因为您的帐户中没有钱。 Example: With the move to online banking, bouncing cheques are becoming a thing of the past. 示例：随着转向在线银行业务，弹跳支票已成为过去。

bounce (an email) (v): When an email comes back to the sender with an "undeliverable" error message, usually because the sender mis-spelled the receiver's address. 当电子邮件通过“无法交付”错误消息返回给发件人时，通常是因为发件人拼写了收件人的地址。 Example: Frank emailed a cousin in England, but the email bounced, to Frank's surprise. 示例：弗兰克（Frank）在英格兰给一个堂兄发了电子邮件，但邮件被退回，使弗兰克感到惊讶。

"bounce back" = to bounce to a previous level. “反弹” =反弹至上一个水平。 Example: Retailers are hoping that the volume of business in stores will bounce back this quarter. 示例：零售商希望本季度商店业务量反弹。 Children become ill more quickly than adults do, but also bounce back from illness more quickly. 儿童比成人患病的速度更快，但也更快地从疾病中反弹。

"bounce (something) off (someone)" = means literally throwing something so that it bounces off someone, but its idiomatic meaning is to tell someone about an idea or plan, to see what their opinion of it is. “弹开（某物）（某人）” =表示从字面上扔东西，以便它弹开某人，但是它的惯用语是告诉某人一个想法或计划，以了解他们对此有何看法。 Example: John rang a friend who is a Physical Therapist, to bounce a couple of ideas for a new invention off her. 示例：约翰打电话给一位物理治疗师的朋友，为她发明了一项新发明。

"dead cat bounce" = an increase in the value of a company's share price on the Stock Market, following a large decrease. This idiom comes from the saying "Even a dead cat will bounce if dropped far enough!" “死猫反弹” =公司股价在大幅下跌之后在股票市场上的价格上涨。 这个成语来自于一句话：“即使掉落得足够远，死猫也会反弹！” Example: Fred was considering buying a stock that had dropped over 30 percent, then started to rise. Was it a genuine recovery in the share price, a dead cat bounce or the start of another drop? 示例：弗雷德考虑购买跌幅超过30％，然后开始上涨的股票。 这是股价的真正回升，死猫反弹还是又开始下跌？

"bouncing castle" = a large inflatable plastic structure shaped like a castle, on which children can bounce for fun. Popular at fairs and birthday parties! “弹跳城堡” =形状像城堡的大型充气塑料结构，孩子们可以在上面弹跳以娱乐。 在博览会和生日派对上很受欢迎！ Example: Muriel rented a bouncing castle for the birthday of one of her grand-children. 示例：穆里尔在她一个孙子的生日那天租了一座弹跳城堡。

BOW 弓 / 弩 / 鞠躬 / 躬 / 哈腰

bow (n), bows (pl): The movement of bending your head forward (bending at your neck) or your body forward (bending at your waist), to show someone respect or thanks. 向前弯曲头部（弯曲在脖子上）或向前弯曲身体（弯曲在腰上）的运动，以表示对他人的尊重或感谢。 Examples: The Ambassador gave the President a low bow. 例子：大使给总统低头。 Following a wonderful performance, the pianist returned to the stage three times to take a bow. 经过精彩的表演，钢琴家三度回到舞台鞠躬。

bow (n): The front part of a ship. 船的前部。 Example: Australia's new Antarctic research ship has a very strong bow so that it can do icebreaking if required. 示例：澳大利亚的新南极研究船具有非常坚固的船首，因此可以根据需要进行破冰。

"fire a (warning) shot across (somebody's) bow" = to do something that warns someone that you will take action if that person does not change their behaviour. “对某人的弓箭开枪（警告）” =做某事，警告某人，如果该人不改变其行为，则您将采取行动。 Example: The Teachers' Union has fired a warning shot across the State Government's bow, threatening a strike if their wage demand is not met. 示例：教师联盟已在州政府的弓箭上开了警告枪，威胁如果他们的工资需求得不到满足，将举行罢工。

bow (n), bows (pl) (note same spelling, different pronunciation): A knot with two curved parts and two loose ends. It is used to tie shoes, parcels etc, and as decoration. 一个带有两个弯曲部分和两个松散末端的结。 用于绑鞋，包裹等，并用作装饰。 Example: One of Frank's grandchildren still finds it hard to tie their shoelaces in a bow. 示例：弗兰克（Frank）的孙子之一仍然发现很难将鞋带系在蝴蝶结中。

bow (n): A weapon for shooting arrows, made of a string tightly stretched between the ends of a curved, flexible piece of wood. 一种用于射击箭头的武器，由弯曲而柔软的木头两端之间紧紧伸展的绳子制成。 Example: In the Middle Ages, every Englishman of fighting age was required to practice with a bow. 示例：在中世纪，要求每个战斗年龄的英国人鞠躬练习。

"to draw a bow" = literally, to draw a picture of a bow, but usually means to pull back the string on a bow, storing energy to be released with the arrow. “画弓”实际上是指画弓的图片，但通常是指将弓上的弦拉回去，存储要用箭头释放的能量。 Example: The archer drew his bow and aimed slightly above the target. 例子：弓箭手拉弓，瞄准略高于目标。

bow (n), bows (pl): An object used to play stringed musical instruments such as a violin, made of horsehair strands tightly stretched between the ends of a curved, flexible piece of wood. 用来弹奏诸如小提琴之类的弦乐器的物体，它是由马鬃绳紧紧地弯曲在一块弯曲的柔性木头的两端之间制成的。 Example: The violinist gently placed her bow on the strings. 例子：小提琴手轻轻地把弓放在弦上。

"bow tie" = a special type of tie [US: necktie](= a strip of cloth put around the collar of a shirt), tied in a bow. “领结” =特殊类型的领带[美国：领带]（=系在衬衫领子上的一块布），系在蝴蝶结中。 Example: Bow ties are rarely used by Australian men, except for ceremonies. 示例：除仪式外，澳大利亚男子很少使用领结。

"bow-legged" (adj) = having legs that curve out at the knees (in a bow). “弓腿”=腿弯曲成膝盖（弓形）。 Example: Horse riders that spend many hours in the saddle can become bow-legged. 示例：在马鞍上花费许多时间的骑马者可能会弯腰。

"bow window" = a curved window that sticks out from the wall of a house. “弓形窗户” =从房屋墙壁伸出的弯曲窗户。 Example: Muriel likes to sit in her living-room, which has a bow window overlooking their garden. 示例：Muriel喜欢坐在她的客厅里，客厅有一个可以俯瞰花园的弓形窗户。

bow (v): To bend your head or body forward, to show someone respect or thanks. 向前弯曲头部或身体，表达对他人的尊重或感谢。 Examples: The Ambassador bowed low to the President. 例子：大使向总统鞠躬致意。 Following a wonderful performance, the pianist returned to the stage three times to bow to the audience. 经过精彩的表演，钢琴家三度回到舞台向观众鞠躬。 The churchgoers bowed their heads in prayer. 教堂的信徒低头祈祷。 The children bowed their heads in shame. 孩子们低下头。 I/you/we/they/ bow, he/she/it/ bows. /am/is/are/ bowing. /all/ bowed. /was/were/ bowing. /shall/will/ bow. /shall/will/ be bowing.

"bow and scrape" = to show somebody too much politeness or attention. “鞠躬和刮擦” =表示某人过于礼貌或关注。 Example: It's embarrassing to see politicians bowing and scraping to the new Ruler, who is just a common criminal. 示例：看到政客向新统治者鞠躬并刮scrap是令人尴尬的事，新统治者只是一名普通罪犯。

"bow down to (somebody)" = to show much respect to somebody. “屈服于（某人）” =对某人表示敬意。 Example: The company's new CEO expects everybody to bow down to her. 示例：公司的新任首席执行官希望每个人都向她鞠躬。

bow (v): To play a stringed instrument with a bow. 演奏弓弦乐器。 Example: The cello player bowed vigorously. 例子：大提琴演奏者大力鞠躬。

BREAK 休息 / 切断 / 决口 / 打破 / 破 / 断 / 决裂

break (n), breaks (pl): A place where something has broken. 发生故障的地方。 Example: A break in a water main caused the street to be temporarily closed. 示例：自来水管道断裂导致街道临时封闭。

break (n): A short period of rest; for example, a lunch break, a tea break, a coffee break. 短暂的休息； 例如，午休，茶歇，咖啡休息。 Examples: Frank had been painting all morning, and was glad to take a lunch break. 例子：弗兰克整天都在画画，很高兴午休。 The workers usually have a morning tea break at 11:00, lunch at 1:00pm and afternoon tea at 3:30pm. 工人们通常在11:00下午休息，在1:00 pm午餐，在3:30 pm下午喝茶。 They worked into the evening without a break. 他们工作到晚上都没有休息。

break (n): A period of time away from work. A holiday. 一段时间没有工作。 一个假日。 Examples: John needed a break from inventing, so he went for a walk. 例子：约翰需要从发明中休息一下，所以他去散散步。 Businesses in Australia usually close for a 3-week Christmas break, which is during the Summer. 澳大利亚的企业通常会在夏季休假3周，圣诞节期间关闭。

break (n): An interruption. 打扰。 Example: Muriel waited for a break in the rain before she walked to the shops. 例子：穆里尔（Muriel）等着下雨，然后才走进商店。

break (n): A period between parts of a performance, to let the audience exercise and eat. 表演各部分之间的时间段，让观众运动和饮食。 A period filled with advertisements (abbreviation: "ads") during and between TV programmes. 在电视节目之间以及电视节目之间充满广告（缩写为“ ads”）的时期。 Example: Sandra put the recycling bin out during an ad break. 示例：Sandra在广告休息期间将回收站放了出去。

break (n): An unexpected opportunity to improve something. 一个意想不到的机会来改善一些东西。 Example: In acting or sports, a break often comes when a principal actor or player becomes ill, and their replacement has a chance to become known. 示例：在表演或体育比赛中，主要演员或运动员生病时通常会休息一下，他们的接班人有机会被人们知道。

"give (someone) a break" = to allow someone time away from their work or responsibility. “给（某人）休息” =允许某人有时间离开他们的工作或责任。 Example: Frank and Muriel look after their grandchildren every Wednesday and Friday to give their parents a break. 例子：弗兰克（Frank）和穆里尔（Muriiel）每个星期三和星期五照顾孙子，让父母休息一下。

"give (someone) a break" = to stop criticizing someone, or being unpleasant to them. “给（某人）休息” =停止批评某人或使他们不愉快。 Example: Give me a break - I'm trying to do my best! 示例：给我休息-我正在努力做到最好！

break (n): The end of a relationship or tradition. 关系或传统的终结。 Examples: Alice and the Accounts Clerk decided to make a complete break, and go their own ways. 示例：Alice和Accounts文员决定彻底休息，然后按自己的方式行事。 Holding the Footy Final at Marvel Stadium instead of the MCG was a break with a decades-old tradition. 在Marvel体育场而不是MCG举行的Footy总决赛是一个有着数十年历史的传统。

"make a break" = to stop a relationship with someone, or to change the course of your life. “休息” =停止与某人的关系，或改变您的生活。 Examples: Alice and the Accounts Clerk decided to make a complete break, and go their own ways. 示例：Alice和Accounts文员决定彻底休息，然后按自己的方式行事。 The politician had been in politics for years, and decided to make a break and work with disadvantaged youth. 这位政治家已经参政多年，因此决定稍事休息，与处境不利的年轻人一起工作。

"break of day" = sunrise, also called daybreak. “破晓” =日出，也称为黎明。 Example: The hikers set out at break of day, to walk for 4 hours before the sun became too hot. 示例：徒步旅行者在一天休息时出发，在太阳变得太热之前要步行4个小时。

break (n): In the sport of tennis, a game that is won by the player who was not serving. 在网球运动中，一种由不发球的球员获胜的比赛。 Example: Federer had two breaks of serve against Nadal, and won the match. 例子：费德勒在对阵纳达尔的比赛中发了两次发球，并赢得了比赛。

"make a break " = in all football sports, when a defending team attacks quickly into the other team's half of the pitch. “休息” =在所有足球运动中，当一支保卫队迅速进攻另一支球队的一半场地时。 Example: The Sea Eagles' sudden break took Melbourne Storm by surprise. 示例：海鹰队的突如其来的突袭使墨尔本风暴突袭。

"make a break from" = to escape from or out of somewhere. “从……休息” =从某处逃脱。 Example: Two robbers made a break from the Police Station. 示例：两名强盗从警察局休息。

"make a break for" = to escape towards somewhere. “为……而休息” =逃往某个地方。 Example: The cat made a break for the door, and ran past Frank before he could catch it. 例子：那只猫打破了房门，跑过去了弗兰克，才抓住了它。

"make a break for it" = to escape quickly. “稍作休息” =迅速逃脱。 Example: Seeing that the front door was open, the cat made a break for it. 例子：看到前门是开着的，猫为此休息了一下。

break (v): To separate into two or more pieces. 分成两块或更多块。 Examples: Frank dropped a plate and it broke. 示例：弗兰克掉下盘子，然后摔坏了。 Be gentle with that plastic fork or it will break! 用那个塑料叉子要轻柔，否则它会折断！ During the cyclone, many windows broke. 旋风期间，许多窗户破了。 In the playground, a child's finger broke when she fell. 在操场上，一个孩子跌倒时手指断了。 In the middle of the night, Fred heard the sound of breaking glass. 在深夜，弗雷德听到了碎玻璃的声音。

break (v): To cause something to separate into two or more pieces. 使分离成两块或更多块。 Examples: Frank broke a plate by dropping it. 示例：弗兰克（Frank）摔落摔碎了盘子。 Be gentle with that plastic fork or you will break it! 小心那把塑料叉子，否则会折断它！ To make an omelette, first break the eggs into a bowl, then beat them. 要制作煎蛋，请先将鸡蛋打碎放入碗中，然后将其打碎。 The cyclone broke many windows. 旋风打破了许多窗户。 In the playground, a child fell and broke her finger. 在操场上，一个孩子跌倒并摔断了手指。 Bert is quite clumsy and is always breaking things. 伯特非常笨拙，并且总是在破坏事物。 I/you/we/they/ break, he/she/it/ breaks. /am/is/are/ breaking. /all/ broke (note spelling, irregular verb). /was/were/ breaking. /shall/will/ break. /shall/will/ be breaking.

break (v): To stop working due to damage. 因损坏而停止工作。 Examples: Fred dropped his CD player and it broke. 例子：弗雷德放下CD播放器，但它坏了。 Bert pushed the button so hard, it broke. 伯特如此用力地按了按钮，它坏了。

break (v): To cause something to stop working because you damage it. 使某件东西因损坏而停止工作。 Examples: Fred broke his CD player by dropping it. 例子：弗雷德丢掉了CD播放器。 Bert pushed the button so hard, he broke it. 伯特如此用力地按了按钮，他摔断了。

break (v): To end or destroy something. 结束或破坏某事。 Examples: A shrill scream broke the stillness of the night. 例如：刺耳的尖叫声打破了夜晚的宁静。 During a dock workers' strike, outside workers were brought in to break it. The Australian slang name for such workers is "scabs". 在码头工人罢工期间，外部工人被带入罢工。 这些工人在澳大利亚的语名称是“痂”。 At the meeting, the Boss made a joke and that broke the tension. 在会议上，老板开了个玩笑，这打破了紧张气氛。

"break the ice" = literally, to break apart some ice with an icebreaker, but the idiomatic meaning is to overcome awkwardness at a party, or other meeting. “破冰”实际上是用破冰船破冰，但惯用语是克服聚会或其他会议上的尴尬。 Example: Although Alice thinks she is shy, she is actually quite good at breaking the ice with a group of strangers. 示例：尽管爱丽丝认为她很害羞，但实际上她很擅长与一群陌生人打破僵局。

"break a code" = to understand a code, a way of hiding information. “破解密码” =了解密码，一种隐藏信息的方式。 Example: One of the earliest uses of computers was breaking the German "Enigma" code. 示例：最早的计算机用途之一就是破坏了德国的“谜”代码。

"break a record" = to do something better than anybody has done to date. “打破记录” =做比迄今为止任何人都做的更好的事情。 Example: David broke the Victorian State record for the 400 metre race. 示例：大卫打破了维多利亚州400米比赛的记录。

"break the law" = to fail to obey a law, to do something illegal. “违反法律” =违反法律，做违法的事情。 Example: Fred didn't think that setting up a bank account in the Cayman Islands was breaking the law. Really? 示例：弗雷德认为在开曼群岛开设银行帐户并不违反法律。 真？

"break a promise" = to fail to keep a promise, in other words, not do what was promised. “违背诺言” =不能兑现诺言，就是不履行诺言。 Example: Betty broke a promise to her boss, to have a report ready at the end of the day. 示例：贝蒂向老板承诺，要在一天结束时准备好报告。

"break down" = to divide something, or to cause something to divide, into two or more parts. “分解” =将某物分成两部分或更多部分。 Examples: Alice was asked to break down the costs for her project into labour, materials, travel and other expenses. 例子：爱丽丝被要求将其项目的成本分解为人工，材料，差旅和其他费用。 In a catalytic converter, platinum causes exhaust pollutants to break down into less toxic molecules. 在催化转化器中，铂导致废气中的污染物分解为毒性较小的分子。

"break down" = to stop working. “崩溃” =停止工作。 Example: Because its motor overheated, the car broke down. 示例：由于其电机过热，汽车发生故障。

"break down" = to be overcome by emotion and start to cry. “崩溃” =被情感克服并开始哭泣。 Example: The mother who flew from China to be with her dying son broke down when interviewed on TV. 例子：一个从中国飞来和即将死去的儿子在一起的母亲在电视上接受采访时不幸丧生。

break (v): To have a short period of rest. 短暂休息。 Examples: Frank had been painting all morning, and was glad to break for lunch. 例子：弗兰克整天都在画画，很高兴能吃午饭。 The workers usually break for morning tea at 11:00, for lunch at 1:00pm and for afternoon tea at 3.30pm. 工人们通常在11:00休息喝早茶，在1:00 pm享用午餐，在3.30pm享用下午茶。 They worked into the evening without breaking for food or rest. 他们工作到晚上都没有休息或吃饭。 The travellers decided to break their journey in Hawaii for a day. 旅行者决定在夏威夷休息一天。

break (v): To have a period of time away from work. 有一段时间没有工作。 Examples: John broke his workday by going for a walk. 例子：约翰出去散步去打工。 The Stock market breaks for a few days around Christmas and New Year. 圣诞节和新年前后，股票市场休市几天。

break (v): To do something using force. 用力做某事。 Examples: The Police broke down the door of the criminal's apartment. 例子：警察打破了罪犯公寓的门。 Ten cows broke free from their field and walked onto the road. 十头牛从他们的田野中挣脱出来，走上了马路。 A gang of thieves broke into our local HiFi Shop and stole many mobile phones and tablets. 一帮小偷闯入我们当地的HiFi商店，偷走了许多手机和平板电脑。 In the cyclone, three luxury yachts broke free from their moorings and were damaged on the beach. 在飓风中，三艘豪华游艇摆脱了系泊，在海滩上遭到破坏。 The wrestler broke his opponent's grip and quickly moved away. 摔跤手打破了对手的控制，迅速移开。 At the Shopping Centre, security guards broke up a fight between two groups of young men. 在购物中心，保安人员打断了两组年轻人之间的战斗。

"break (of news or information)" = to become known. “（新闻或信息的）中断” =众所周知。 Examples: When the banking scandal broke, the bank's CEO and Chairman resigned immediately. 示例：当银行业丑闻爆发时，该银行的首席执行官和董事长立即辞职。 Our local newspaper broke the story of a local restaurant using slave labour. 我们当地的报纸打破了一家当地餐馆使用奴隶制的故事。

"break (of a day)" = dawn or daybreak. “（一天的休息时间）” =黎明或黎明。 Example: A cold, grey dawn broke over Melbourne. 示例：墨尔本上空出现寒冷的灰色黎明。

"break (of waves)" = for a wave to reach and smash against a beach, cliff, seawall etc. “破浪” =指波浪到达并砸向海滩，悬崖，海堤等。 Example: During the cyclone, huge waves broke over the seawall at the waterfront. 示例：在飓风期间，巨大的海浪冲刷了海旁的海堤。

"break (of weather)" = for weather to change or start suddenly. “（天气中断）” =天气变化或突然开始。 Examples: The two-year drought in northern NSW should break today, with the arrival of heavy rain. 例子：随着大雨的到来，新南威尔士州北部的两年干旱今天应该会中断。 Muriel and Frank arrived home after the footy match just as a storm was breaking. 一场激烈的比赛结束后，穆里尔和弗兰克回到家，正好是一场风暴。

"price break" = a reduction in the cost of some goods or services, usually because the buyer agrees to buy a greater amount. “价格中断” =减少某些商品或服务的成本，通常是因为买方同意购买更大的金额。 Example: The company offers price breaks at quantities of 25, 100 and 1000 for most of its products. 示例：该公司为大多数产品提供数量分别为25、100和1000的价格折扣。

"break (of a boy's voice)" = at puberty, growth of a boy's vocal cords lowers his voice so it sounds like a man's. “（男孩的声音中断）” =在青春期，男孩声带的生长降低了他的声音，因此听起来像男人的声音。 Example: Most boys' voices break between the ages of 12 and 14. 示例：大多数男孩的声音在12到14岁之间破裂。

"break (with emotion)" = when someone's voice changes because of strong feelings. “（情绪激动）休息” =当某人的声音由于强烈的情感而改变时。 Example: The voice of the mother who flew from China to be with her dying son broke with emotion when she was interviewed on TV. 例子：当她在电视上接受采访时，一位母亲从中国飞来并与即将死去的儿子在一起的声音令人感动。

"break serve (in tennis)" = to win a game in which your opponent is serving. “破发（网球）” =赢得对手发球的比赛。 Example: Federer broke Nadal's serve twice, and won the match. 例子：费德勒两次打破了纳达尔的发球局，并赢得了比赛。

"break (in football)" = when a defending team attacks quickly into the other team's half of the pitch. “突破（在足球中）” =防守队迅速进攻另一支球队一半的球。 Example: The Sea Eagles suddenly broke and took Melbourne Storm by surprise. 例子：海鹰队突然破裂，使墨尔本风暴突袭。

"break someone's heart" = to make someone who loves you very sad, usually by telling them you no longer love them. “伤心” =使一个爱你的人很难过，通常是告诉他们你不再爱他们。 Example: The handsome Accounts Clerk has broken a lot of girls' hearts, not just Alice's. 示例：帅气的Accounts文员伤了很多女孩的心，而不仅仅是爱丽丝。

"break someone's heart" = to make someone very sad. “伤心” =使某人非常难过。 Example: Losing her husband at the age of 60 broke Sandra's mother's heart. 例子：60岁的丈夫失去了桑德拉的母亲的心。

break (v): To lose your physical or mental strength under stress. 在压力下失去身体或精神上的力量。 Example: Betty sometimes thinks she will break under the strain of working for her boss. 例子：贝蒂有时认为她会在为老板工作的压力下挣扎。

break (v): To make someone lose their physical or mental strength under stress. 使某人在压力下失去体力或智力。 Example: The terrorists tortured their hostages to try to break them. 例子：恐怖分子折磨他们的人质以试图将他们打碎。

"break new ground" = to do or discover something new. Such an event is called "ground-breaking". “开创新” =做或发现新事物。 这样的事件称为“突破性的”。 Example: This surgical technique for replacing heart valves breaks new ground. 示例：这种用于更换心脏瓣膜的外科手术技术开创了新局面。 The discovery of the transistor was ground-breaking. 晶体管的发现是突破性的。

"break ground" = to start constructing a new building. “破土动工” =开始建造新建筑物。 Example: Tesla recently broke ground on its new Battery Gigafactory in Shenzhen. 示例：特斯拉最近在深圳的新电池超级工厂破土动工。

"break bread" = to eat a meal. “破面包” =吃一顿饭。 Example: The villagers invited their visitors to break bread with them. 例子：村民邀请他们的访客和他们一起做面包。

"break cover" = to run out of a hiding place. “突破掩体” =跑出躲藏处。 Example: As the hunters approached, the deer suddenly broke cover. 例子：随着猎人的到来，鹿突然掩盖了。

"break down barriers" = to improve communication between people. “打破障碍” =改善人与人之间的沟通。 Example: The Minister for Aboriginal Affairs proposes meetings to break down barriers with aboriginal representatives in the NT. 示例：土著事务部长提议与北领地土著代表举行会议，以消除障碍。

"break the news to (someone)" = to tell someone about something that may be pleasant or unpleasant. “将新闻发布给（某人）” =告诉某人一些令人愉悦或不愉快的事情。 Examples: Muriel's son broke the news to her that his wife had another baby. 例子：穆里尔的儿子向她爆料说，他的妻子又生了一个孩子。 The Police broke the news of the woman's car crash gently to her mother. 警察向那位母亲轻轻地告诉了那名女子车祸的消息。

"break a barrier" = similar to "break a record". “打破障碍” =类似于“打破记录”。 Example: Amazon's quarterly revenue exceeded the $ 1 billion barrier for the first time. 示例：亚马逊的季度收入首次超过10亿美元大关。

break (v): To exchange a large bill (= paper money) for bills or coins in smaller amounts. 将大笔钞票（=纸币）换成少量的钞票或硬币。 Example: Fred said to the bank clerk "Can you break a fifty for me, please? Five tens will be fine". 例子：弗雷德对银行职员说：“你能帮我破个五十吗？五个就可以了”。

"break your back" = to work very hard. “背叛” =努力工作。 Example: Alice has been breaking her back to get essential programming finished on time. 示例：爱丽丝一直在努力工作，以按时完成基本编程。

"break even" = to have no nett profit or loss in a business because the profit from sales only just covers your costs. “收支平衡” =在业务中没有净利润或亏损，因为来自销售的利润仅覆盖您的成本。 Examples: The new Internet-based bank expects to break even next financial year. [Note: For most Australian companies, the financial year is 1 July one year to 30 June the following year]. 示例：新的基于互联网的银行预计在下一个财政年度收支平衡。 [注：对于大多数澳大利亚公司，会计年度为一年的7月1日至to年的6月30日。 Their new franchised business was disappointing - they worked 80 hours a week and barely broke even. 他们的新特许经营业务令人失望-他们每周工作80小时，几乎收支平衡。

"break the bank" = to cost too much. “破产” =花太多钱。 Example: The business would like to buy the most advanced production equipment, but it will break the bank. 示例：该企业想购买最先进的生产设备，但这会破产。

"break into" = to enter a new market or activity, or an existing market in a new place. “闯入” =进入新市场或活动，或在新地方进入现有市场。 Example: Some Australian banks want to break into the banking market in Indonesia. 示例：一些澳大利亚银行希望打入印度尼西亚的银行市场。

BREED 品种 / 树种 / 培育 / 饲养 / 孕育 / 孳

breed (n), breeds (pl): A particular type of animal or plant. 一种特定类型的动植物。 Examples: John's favourite breed of dog is Spaniel. 例如：约翰最喜欢的狗是西班牙猎狗。 Since ancient times farmers have produced breeds of plants with improved taste, yield and many other qualities. 自古以来，农民就生产出了具有改善的口味，产量和许多其他品质的植物品种。

breed (n): A particular type of person. 特定类型的人。 Examples: The Frenchwoman Camille Pepin is a very rare breed - a female composer, who started writing music at 13. 例子：法国女性卡米尔·佩平（Camille Pepin）是非常稀有的品种-女作曲家，从13岁开始创作音乐。 A new breed of entrepreneurs now rules the world - the "dot.com" billionaires. 现在，一种新型的企业家统治着世界-“ dot.com”亿万富翁。

"a dying breed" = becoming rare. “垂死的品种” =变得稀有。 Example: People who can do arithmetic in their head are a dying breed. 例子：会算术的人是垂死的人。

breed (v): To mate and produce young animals (called "progeny"). 交配并产生幼小的动物（称为“后代”）。 Examples: When an animal has many progeny, we say that they "breed like rabbits". 例子：当动物有很多后代时，我们说它们“像兔子一样繁殖”。 Salmon always return to the same place they were born, to breed. 鲑鱼总是回到自己出生的地方繁殖。 I/you/we/they/ breed, he/she/it/ breeds. /am/is/are/ breeding. /all/ bred (note spelling, irregular verb). /was/were/ breeding. /shall/will/ breed. /shall/will/ be breeding.

breed (v): To keep animals to mate and produce offspring with useful or desirable characteristics. 使动物交配并产生具有有用或理想特性的后代。 Examples: A friend of Alice breeds Persian cats. 示例：爱丽丝的朋友饲养波斯猫。 Domestic cats, bred in captivity, adapt well if they escape to the wild, becoming feral predators that kill millions of native animals each year. 被圈养的家猫如果逃脱到野外，就会适应得很好，成为野性掠食者，每年杀死数百万只本地动物。 The McArthur River Station's main income comes from breeding cattle. 麦克阿瑟河站的主要收入来自种牛。

breed (v): To keep plants to cross-fertilize and produce progeny with useful or desirable characteristics. 使植物交叉受精并产生具有有用或理想特性的子代。 Examples: Plant breeding has been practiced by farmers since ancient times, improving taste, yield and many other qualities. 例子：自古以来，农民就一直在进行植物育种，从而改善了口味，产量和许多其他品质。 Selective breeding of a wild cabbage plant over hundreds of years has given us cabbage, kale, broccoli and cauliflower. 数百年来，野生白菜植物的选择性育种已经使我们有了白菜，羽衣甘蓝，西兰花和花椰菜。

"inbred" (adj) = an inbred quality or characteristic is firmly established in a person's nature. “近交”=在人的天性中牢固确立了近交质量或特征。 Example: The women in that family have an inbred sense of justice. 例子：那个家庭中的妇女有一种内在的正义感。

"inbred" (adj) = when a breed of closely-related animals mating produces undesirable qualities. “近交”=当一种密切相关的动物交配产生不良品质时。 Example: On two of Australia's islands, the koala population is so inbred it is at risk of being destroyed by disease. 例如：在澳大利亚的两个岛屿上，无尾熊种群是如此近交，因此有被疾病破坏的风险。

"purebred" (adj) = an animal whose parents are of the same breed. “纯种”=父母同种的动物。 Example: The dog breeder sells only purebred puppies. 示例：犬种只出售纯种幼犬。

"thoroughbred" (adj) = an animal whose parents are of the same breed, and which has desirable qualities. “纯种”=父母具有相同品种并且具有理想品质的动物。 Example: "Winx" is a thoroughbred racehorse with a long list of wins. 示例：“ Winx”是具有长胜列表的纯种赛马。

"well bred" = coming from a family that has a high social position. “良种” =来自具有较高社会地位的家庭。 Example: Well-bred young English women prepared for the annual Debutante Ball. 例如：英国年轻女性为一年一度的Debutante舞会做准备。

"well bred" = speaking or behaving in a way that is correct or polite. “良种” =以正确或礼貌的方式讲话或表现。 Example: Female announcers on SBS TV have particularly well-bred voices. 示例：SBS电视上的女播音员的声音特别好。

breed (v): To cause something to happen. 使某事发生。 Example: In the corrupt Government, cronyism (= giving power to friends and family) bred resentment among the people they governed. 例子：在腐败的政府中，裙带关系（即赋予朋友和家人权力）在他们所统治的人民中引起了不满。

BROADCAST 广播 / 播放 / 播 / 播送

broadcast (n), broadcasts (pl): A TV or streamed or radio program. 电视或流媒体或广播节目。 Example: Frank watched a live broadcast of a footy match. 示例：弗兰克观看了一场足球比赛的现场直播。

broadcast (v): To send out a program on TV, radio or by Internet streaming. Also called "putting to air". 通过电视，广播或互联网流发送节目。 也称为“放空”。 Examples: Much Australian sport is broadcast "free-to-air" (= you do not have to pay to watch it). 示例：许多澳大利亚体育节目都是“免费播放”的广播（=您不必付费观看）。 The Australian Grand Prix is broadcast worldwide. 澳大利亚大奖赛在全世界播出。 The politician's interview will be broadcast during prime time. 政客的采访将在黄金时段播出。 Since the ABC broadcast a controversial episode of a current affairs program, they have received many complaints. 自从美国广播公司播出有争议的时事节目以来，他们已经收到许多投诉。 I/you/we/they/ broadcast, he/she/it/ broadcasts. /am/is/are/ broadcasting. /all/ broadcast (note spelling, irregular verb). /was/were/ broadcasting. /shall/will/ broadcast. /shall/will/ be broadcasting.

broadcast (v): To spread information to many people. 向许多人传播信息。 Examples: The mining company's full-year results will be broadcast to shareholders on the Internet next week. 示例：矿业公司的全年业绩将在下周通过互联网广播给股东。 A friend of Muriel's, who is having surgery for breast cancer, asked Muriel to not broadcast the news. 正在接受乳腺癌手术的Muriel's的一位朋友要求Muriel不要播报新闻。 When a woman he knew joined the company where he worked, Fred chose not to broadcast for the time being that they knew each other. 当他认识的一个女人加入他工作的公司时，Fred选择暂时不广播，因为他们彼此认识。

broadcasting (n): The industry of making broadcasts. 广播行业。 Example: The new Channel 9 reporter has had a long career in broadcasting. 示例：新的第9频道记者在广播界有着很长的职业。

"outside broadcast" = a broadcast made away from a television or radio station. Broadcasts made at a station are called "studio" broadcasts. “外部广播” =远离电视或广播电台的广播。 在电台进行的广播称为“演播室”广播。 Example: The weather reporter and camera crew set off to do an outside broadcast from the bushfire area. 示例：天气预报员和摄制组出发前往丛林大火地区进行户外广播。

"party political broadcast" = a short program advertising the plans of a political party. “政党政治广播” =宣传政党计划的简短节目。 Example: Before an election, many party political broadcasts are put to air. 示例：在选举之前，许多政党政治广播已经播出。

BRUSH 刷子 / 画笔 / 毛刷 / 刷 / 擦 / 拂 / 掠

brush (n), brushes (pl): An object with a handle, with "bristles" attached, used for cleaning, painting and brushing hair. Bristles can be stiff or soft, made of wire or plastic or hair. 带手柄的对象，带有“鬃毛”，用于清洁，绘画和刷毛。 硬毛可以是硬的或软的，由金属丝，塑料或头发制成。 Examples: Frank used a wire brush to remove old paint and dirt, before painting. 示例：弗兰克在涂漆之前用钢丝刷去除了旧的油漆和污垢。 Alice showered and used her favourite brush to do her hair. 爱丽丝洗澡了，用她最喜欢的刷子梳头。

brush (n): Part of compound words such as "clothesbrush" / "hairbrush" / "paintbrush" / "pastry brush" / "toothbrush" / "shaving brush" / "scrubbing brush". 复合词的一部分，例如“衣服刷” /“毛刷” /“画笔” /“糕点刷” /“牙刷” /“剃须刷” /“擦洗刷”。 Example: Alice used her favourite hairbrush after her shower. 示例：爱丽丝洗完澡后用她最喜欢的梳子。

brush (n): An act of cleaning or smoothing something using a brush. 用刷子清洁或弄平物体的行为。 Examples: Fred's shoes need a good brush. 例子：弗雷德的鞋子需要好的刷子。 Alice gave her hair a good brush before going out to dinner. 爱丽丝出去吃饭前给她的头发梳了个好头发。

"brush stroke" = a movement that brushes paint onto an object. “画笔笔划” =将油漆刷到对象上的运动。 Examples: Frank painted with long brush strokes. 示例：弗兰克画了很长的笔触。 The popular artist has an unusual brush stroke. 这位受欢迎的画家的笔触异常。

brush (n): A light touch of something. 轻轻一碰。 Example: Yan felt the brush of John's lips on her cheek. 例子：艳在约翰的脸颊上摸了一下约翰的嘴唇。

"a brush with something" = a situation in which you experience something, or almost experience something. “用东西刷” =一种情况，您会经历或几乎会经历。 Examples: The concert was the young violinist's first brush with fame. 例子：音乐会是年轻的小提琴家的第一支有名望的画笔。 Fred had a brush with the law (meaning, being in trouble with the police) when he was a teenager. 弗雷德十几岁时就触犯了法律（这是在与警察纠缠）。 The family had a brush with death (= were nearly killed) in a crash on a winding country road. 一家人在一条蜿蜒的乡间小路上的车祸中死于画笔（意思是几乎被杀死）。

brush (n): Small bushes (also called "scrub"). 小灌木丛（也称为“灌木丛”）。 Example: Hot weather and a strong wind can quickly spread fire through brush. 示例：炎热的天气和强风可以迅速通过刷子蔓延开火。

brush (n): The tail of a fox. 狐狸的尾巴。 Example: A popular children's TV character is a red fox puppet called "Basil Brush". It dates from 1962 and is still popular. 示例：一个受欢迎的儿童电视角色是一个名为“罗勒笔刷”的红狐狸木偶。 它可以追溯到1962年，至今仍然很受欢迎。

brush (v): To clean or spread or smooth something using a brush. 用刷子清洁或散布或弄平某些东西。 Examples: Frank brushed old paint and dirt off what he wanted to paint. 示例：弗兰克擦掉了他想画的东西上的旧油漆和污垢。 Alice brushed her hair well before going out to dinner. 爱丽丝出去吃饭前梳了好头发。 I/you/we/they/ brush, he/she/it/ brushes (note spelling, added -E). /am/is/are/ brushing. /all/ brushed. /was/were/ brushing. /shall/will/ brush. /shall/will/ be brushing.

brush (v): To touch something lightly. 轻轻触摸。 Examples: Bert accidentally brushed against the hall table as he walked past, knocking a vase to the floor. 示例：伯特走过时不小心在大厅桌子上刷了一下，把花瓶撞到了地板上。 John's lips gently brushed Yan's cheek. 约翰的嘴唇轻轻拂过严的脸颊。

"brush something aside" = to refuse to think about something that you think is unimportant. “撇开某些东西” =拒绝考虑您认为不重要的事情。 Example: The Planning Minister brushed demonstrators' objections aside, saying "This is the best plan!" 示例：计划部长将示威者的反对意见放在一边，说：“这是最好的计划！”

"brush up on" = to revise your knowledge of something you think you have forgotten. “刷牙” =修改您对自己认为已忘记的知识的了解。 Example: Alice needed to brush up on Statistical Computing before addressing the meeting. 示例：爱丽丝在讲话之前需要重新学习统计计算。

brush (v): To move something to another place. 将某物移动到另一个地方。 Examples: Betty brushed the hair out of her eyes. 例子：贝蒂把头发从眼睛上擦掉。 Ernie brushed some dandruff off his jacket. 厄尼从外套上擦了一些头皮屑。

"brush under the carpet" / "sweep under the carpet" = to hide from public knowledge something that will damage your reputation. “在地毯下刷” /“在地毯下扫” =使公众知道隐藏会损害您声誉的东西。 Example: The Sports Minister would like to brush the financial scandal under the carpet. 例子：体育部长想把财务丑闻涂在地毯下面。

"brush past" = to walk quickly past someone because you do not want to be involved with them. “刷过去” =因为您不想与某人联系而迅速走过某人。 Example: The Planning Minister brushed past a crowd of people demonstrating outside her office. 例子：计划部长冲过人群在她的办公室外面游行示威。

BUMP 撞击 / 肿块 / 磕碰 / 撞 / 颠簸 / 碰

bump (n), bumps (pl): A round, raised area on a surface or on a person's body. 表面或人的身体上的圆形凸起区域。 Examples: Riding a bicycle along this stretch of road, you have to watch out for bumps! 示例：沿着这条路骑自行车，您必须提防碰碰！ Braille is a type of writing for blind people, using patterns of bumps on thick paper. 盲文是盲人的一种写作，使用厚纸上的凹凸图案。 The female footy player had a bump on her head after the match. 比赛结束后，女足运动员的头撞了一下。 At the beach, Muriel forgot to use insect repellent and got sandfly bites which left bumps on her legs. 在海滩上，穆里尔忘记使用驱蚊剂，被沙蝇叮咬，使她的双腿碰。

bump (n): A minor crash involving a vehicle. 涉及车辆的轻微碰撞。 Example: In slow traffic, Frank accidentally drove into the car in front, but it was just a bump. 示例：在交通拥堵的情况下，弗兰克无意中撞到了前面的汽车，但这只是一个颠簸。

bump (n): The sound made by something falling. 东西掉下来发出的声音。 Example: In the middle of the night, Fred heard a bump from the back yard. 示例：在深夜，弗雷德听到从后院传来的撞击声。

"a bump in the road" = something, not very serious, that delays a project or process. “路上的颠簸” =不太严重的事情，会延迟项目或过程。 Example: Alice and Sandra know that there will be bumps in the road as they begin to use the latest software. 示例：Alice和Sandra知道在开始使用最新软件时会遇到麻烦。 Real estate agents now believe that last year's drop in house prices was just a bump in the road, and that prices will grow strongly this year. 房地产经纪人现在认为，去年的房价下跌只是路途中的颠簸，今年的房价将强劲增长。

speed bump / speed hump (SL: "sleeping policeman") = a small raised area built across a road to force drivers to slow down. 减速带/驼峰（SL：“沉睡的警察”）=在道路上建起的一个小的凸起区域，迫使驾驶员减速。 Example: The local council installed speed humps in our street, and drivers have slowed down a lot. 示例：地方议会在我们的街道上安装了减速带，驾驶员的行驶速度大大降低。

bump (n): An increase in something. 增加的东西。 Example: There has been a bump in the number of drug-related crimes in Melbourne. 示例：墨尔本与毒品有关的犯罪数量激增。

fistbump (n): A friendly greeting in which you bump someone's fist with your own. 友善的问候，您用自己的拳头打了某人的拳头。 Example: The basketball player scored a wonderful 3-point goal, and the rest of the team congratulated him with fistbumps. 示例：篮球运动员打进了一个奇妙的3分球，其余的球队用拳头向他表示祝贺。

bump (v): To hit something, but not very hard. 打东西，但不是很难。 Example: Bert accidentally bumped into the hall table as he walked down the hall, knocking a vase to the floor. 例子：伯特在走下大厅时不小心撞到了大厅桌子上，把花瓶撞到了地板上。 Frank was looking in a low cupboard, and bumped his head as he stood up. 弗兰克正看着一个矮柜子，站起来时撞了撞头。 The female footy player was bumped on the head during the match. 比赛中，女足运动员被撞到头部。 I/you/we/they/ bump, he/she/it/ bumps. /am/is/are/ bumping. /all/ bumped. /was/were/ bumping. /shall/will/ bump. /shall/will/ be bumping.

bump along (v): To ride uncomfortably in a vehicle because the road is rough. 由于道路崎粗，在汽车上不舒服地骑车。 Example: The family bumped slowly along the track in their 4WD (= four-wheel-drive car). 示例：全家四轮驱动（=四轮驱动汽车）沿着赛道缓慢颠簸。

bump (v): To move a person from a state or position. 使某人离开一个州或一个职位。 Examples: The cricketer's score in her last four matches was poor, so she was bumped from the team. 例子：板球运动员在最近四场比赛中的得分很差，因此被队友淘汰。 Airlines generally overbook, and you can be bumped off a flight at the last minute. 航空公司通常都超额预定，您可能在最后一分钟被赶下飞机。

"bump into somebody" = literally, to hit someone softly, but in idiomatic English this means, to meet someone you know unexpectedly. “撞上某人” =从字面上看，是要轻声地击中某人，但是用惯用英语来说，这意味着与您意外地认识的人会面。 Example: Ernie bumped into Bert at the supermarket. 例子：厄尼在超市碰到伯特。

"bump somebody off" = [SL:] to murder someone. “撞人” = [SL：]谋杀某人。 Example: In Melbourne's gang wars, many criminals were bumped off, sometimes in front of their children. 示例：在墨尔本的帮派战争中，许多罪犯被撞倒，有时甚至在孩子面前。

bump-start / push-start = to start a vehicle in which the starter motor has failed, by pushing it and then moving it into gear. 颠簸启动/推动启动=通过将其启动然后将其移入档位来启动启动电动机发生故障的车辆。 Example: Bert's old car would not start, but Bert and Ernie managed to bump-start it. 示例：Bert的旧车无法启动，但Bert和Ernie设法将其启动。

"bump something up" = to increase the amount of something. “增加一些东西” =增加一些东西。 Example: It's possible to buy this computer game cheaply at the moment, but once it becomes popular the retailer will probably bump its price up. 示例：目前可以以便宜的价格购买此计算机游戏，但是一旦流行，零售商可能会提高其价格。

BURN 烧伤 / 焚 / 燃烧 / 烧 / 燃 / 烧毁

burn (n), burns (pl): A place where fire or heat has hurt or damaged something or someone. 火或热伤害或损坏某物或某人的地方。 Example: Two firemen fighting the bushfire sustained severe burns. 示例：两名与丛林大火作战的消防员遭受了严重的烧伤。

"planned burn" = a deliberate burning of forest or bushland, to reduce the risk of a bushfire occurring naturally. “有计划的燃烧” =故意燃烧森林或丛林，以减少自然发生森林大火的风险。 Example: All state governments have been accused of not doing enough planned burns. 示例：所有州政府都被指控未进行足够的计划烧伤。

"heartburn" = a painful burning feeling caused by your stomach not digesting food properly. “胃灼热” =由胃不适当消化食物引起的灼痛感。 Example: Frank takes medication to relieve his heartburn. 例子：弗兰克服用药物来减轻他的胃灼热。

"sunburn" = skin becoming sore and red because of too much sunshine. “晒伤” =由于阳光过多，皮肤变得酸痛发红。 Example: In most of Australia, sunburn can lead to health problems through melanoma. 例如：在澳大利亚大部分地区，晒伤会通过黑色素瘤导致健康问题。

"first-degree burn" = the least serious type of burn that needs medical treatment, a superficial burn affecting just the outer layer of skin, with no blistering. “一级烧伤” =需要治疗的最不严重的烧伤类型，表面烧伤仅影响皮肤的外层，没有起泡。 Example: Sunburn is one example of a first-degree burn. 示例：晒伤是一级烧伤的一个示例。

"second-degree burn" = a serious burn in which the skin develops blisters, and both the outer and middle layers of the skin are affected. “二级烧伤” =严重烧伤，其中皮肤形成水泡，皮肤的外层和中层都受到影响。 Example: Second-degree burns can be caused by steam or hot deep-frying oil. 示例：二级灼伤可能是由蒸汽或热炸油引起的。

"third-degree burn" = a very serious burn in which all three layers of skin are destroyed. “三度烧伤” =非常严重的烧伤，其中三层皮肤均被破坏。 Example: Third-degree burns are often caused by flames. 示例：三次灼伤通常是由火焰引起的。

"burn rate" = the speed at which a company spends the money that it started with, or shareholder capital it raised from a sharemarket listing. “烧钱率” =公司花掉最初资金的速度或从股票市场上市筹集的股东资本的速度。 Example: The company's burn rate is so high, it will either need to start making a profit, or raise extra funds. 例子：公司的烧钱率很高，要么要么需要开始盈利，要么就需要筹集额外的资金。

"slow burn" = a slow but steady increase in anger. “缓慢燃烧” =愤怒缓慢而稳定地增加。 Example: Betty does a slow burn when her husband fails to clean up after himself. 例子：当她的丈夫没有自己清理后，贝蒂会慢慢燃烧。

"crash and burn" = to fail very suddenly and completely. “崩溃和燃烧” =突然完全失败。 Example: High-technology companies often crash and burn because they expand too quickly. 示例：高科技公司经常因扩张太快而崩溃和烧毁。

"slash-and-burn" = a type of farming in which land is completely cleared before planting new crops. “刀耕火种” =一种耕种方式，在耕种新作物之前彻底清除土地。 Example: Extensive slash-and-burn agriculture in the Amazon rainforest is a worrying source of atmospheric carbon dioxide. 示例：亚马逊雨林中大量的砍伐和焚烧农业是令人担忧的大气二氧化碳排放源。

"slash-and-burn" = clearing out many employees and methods of working in an organization. “大刀阔斧” =清理出许多员工和在组织中工作的方法。 Example: The company's new CEO has a reputation for slash-and-burn restructuring, and staff are nervous. 示例：该公司的新任首席执行官在刀耕火种的重组中享有盛誉，员工感到紧张。

burn (n): [Scottish English]: a small stream. [苏格兰英语]：一条小溪。 Example: A small stream known as a "burn" in Scotland is called a "creek" in Australia. 示例：在苏格兰被称为“燃烧”的一条小溪在澳大利亚被称为“溪流”。

burn (v): To be hurt, damaged, or destroyed by fire or extreme heat. 被火或极热伤害，损坏或破坏。 Examples: Two firemen were badly burned in the bushfire. 示例：两名消防员在丛林大火中被严重烧伤。 European tourists in Australia can get badly burned by the hot sun. 在澳大利亚的欧洲游客可能会被烈日灼伤。 Forty workers burned to death in the blazing factory. 在燃烧的工厂中有40名工人被烧死。 John's finger burned when he touched his soldering iron. 约翰碰到烙铁时手指发烫。 Muriel set the toaster too high and the toast burned to a crisp. 穆里尔将烤面包机调得太高，烤面包被烧成酥脆。 I/you/we/they/ burn, he/she/it/ burns. /am/is/are/ burning. /all/ burned. /was/were/ burning. /shall/will/ burn. /shall/will/ be burning.

burn (v): To hurt, damage, or destroy something by fire or extreme heat. 用火或极热伤害，破坏或破坏某物。 Examples: She burned her hand on the hot stove. 例子：她在火炉上烫手。 It is illegal to burn domestic rubbish in Melbourne. 在墨尔本焚烧家庭垃圾是违法的。 Muriel set the toaster too high and burned the toast to a crisp. 穆里尔将烤面包机放得太高，并将烤面包烧成酥脆。

burn (v): To cause emotional pain or damage to someone. 引起情感上的痛苦或伤害某人。 Example: A friend of Betty's has been burned twice from failed intimate relationships with ratbags. 示例：Betty的一个朋友因与手提袋的亲密关系失败而被烧了两次。

"burn out" (for objects) = to stop working because of damage from heat. “烧坏”（对于物体）=由于受热损坏而停止工作。 Example: When the city had a power surge, many refrigerators and air conditioners burned out. 示例：当城市出现电涌时，许多冰箱和空调都被烧毁了。

"burn out" (for people) = to cause someone to lose energy and enthusiasm, from either stress or overwork. “倦怠”（对人而言）=使某人因压力或过度劳累而失去精力和热情。 Example: People who overwork (SL: known as "workaholics") are very much at risk of burning out. 示例：过度劳累的人（SL：被称为“工作狂”）极有可能倦怠。

"burn (somebody) at the stake" = to kill someone by tying them to a post and burning them. “烧死（危在旦夕）” =将某人绑在柱子上并烧死他们以杀死某人。 Example: For many centuries, women suspected of being witches were burned at the stake. 例子：许多世纪以来，被怀疑是女巫的妇女在木桩上被烧死。

"burn (something) to the ground" = to completely destroy a building using fire. “在地面上燃烧（某物）” =用火完全摧毁建筑物。 Example: In this part of the country town are the remains of 5 houses, burned to the ground by the last bushfire. 示例：在乡村小镇的这一部分中，有5栋房屋的残骸，在最后的森林大火中烧毁了。

burn (v): To be on fire. 着火了。 Examples: The firemen raced to save the burning house. 示例：消防员竞相拯救燃烧的房屋。 The best thing about John's favourite restaurant, is that during winter it has a real log fire burning in the fireplace. 关于约翰最喜欢的餐厅，最好的事情是，在冬天，壁炉里有一个真正的壁炉。 The campers wanted to make a fire, but all wood they found was wet and would not burn. 露营者想起火，但是他们发现的所有木头都是湿的，不会燃烧。

burn (v): To produce light or other energy. 产生光或其他能量。 Examples: In the restaurant, low-power lights burned to give a gloomy atmosphere. 示例：在餐厅中，低功率灯被燃烧以营造出阴郁的氛围。 The fuel used by the rocketship Virgin Galactica, nylon and nitrous oxide, burns very efficiently. 维珍银河号飞船使用的燃料，尼龙和一氧化二氮燃烧效率很高。

burn (v): To feel hot. 感觉很热。 Example: "I'm burning in this sun! the woman said. "Can we go into the shade?" 例子：“我在烈日下燃烧！那个女人说。”我们可以进入树荫下吗？

burn (v): To want to do something very much. 要非常做某事。 Example: Muriel's son was burning to tell her that his wife had another baby. 例子：穆里尔的儿子在燃烧，告诉她妻子有另一个孩子。

burn (v): To copy information onto a CD or DVD. 将信息复制到CD或DVD上。 Example: John still burns accounting data onto CDs, but he also makes backups on memory sticks. 示例：约翰仍将记帐数据刻录到CD上，但他还对记忆棒进行备份。

"burn your boats" / "burn your bridges" = to destroy any chance you have of returning to your present circumstances. “烧毁你的船” /“烧毁你的桥梁” =摧毁任何有机会回到现在的状况。 Examples: During the Spanish conquest of Mexico, the Spanish commander burned his boats, so that his men would have to either conquer or die. 示例：在西班牙征服墨西哥期间，西班牙指挥官烧毁了他的船，这样他的士兵就不得不征服或死亡。 Some motivational speakers say that, to be really successful, you should burn your bridges, so that your only way is forward. 一些激励人心的发言者说，要想真正取得成功，就应该烧掉桥梁，以便前进。

burn (v) [SL:] To be hurt emotionally or financially because of doing something, usually a business activity. [SL：]因做某事（通常是商业活动）而在情感上或经济上受到伤害。 Example: Many investors were burned after investing in eucalyptus oil plantations, when the Australian Tax Office changed the way such schemes were taxed. 示例：当澳大利亚税务局改变了对此类计划的征税方式后，许多投资者在投资桉树油种植园后被烧毁。

"get your fingers burned" = literally, to burn your fingers, but in English idiom this means to lose money in risky ventures. “烧掉手指”实际上就是烧伤手指，但是用英语成语，这意味着在冒险的企业中亏损。 Example: Many investors in eucalypt plantations got their fingers burned. 例子：桉树种植园的许多投资者都被烧毁了。

"burn a hole in your pocket" = if money is burning a hole in your pocket, you are very eager to spend it. “在口袋里烧个洞” =如果钱在口袋里烧个洞，您非常想花钱。 Example: When Fred received a bonus, it was burning a hole in his pocket, so he blew it all on having a party. 例子：当弗雷德收到奖金时，它在口袋里烧了一个洞，所以他在开派对时就把它吹了。

"burn the candle at both ends" = to work hard as well as party hard, leaving little time for sleep. “在两端燃烧蜡烛” =努力工作以及参加聚会，几乎没有时间睡觉。 Example: Jan feels tired; she has been burning the candle at both ends, working 10-hour days and partying late at nights. 例如：Jan感到疲倦； 她一直在燃烧蜡烛，每天工作10小时，在深夜聚会。

"burn the midnight oil" = to work late into the night. “燃烧午夜的油” =工作到深夜。 Example: With an important assignment due in four days, David burned the midnight oil preparing it. 示例：由于四天之内的一项重要任务，戴维燃烧了午夜的机油进行准备。

BUY 购买 / 收购 / 买 / 买进 / 购

buy (n), buys (pl): Something that you purchase. Something worth the price paid for it is a "good buy". Something not worth the price is a "bad buy". 您购买的东西。 值得为此付出代价的东西是“不错的选择”。 不值得的价格是“坏货”。 Examples: Their new apartment was a good buy for $700,000. 例子：他们的新公寓是70万美元的好买房。 The second-hand computer seemed like a bargain, but was unreliable and a really bad buy. 二手电脑似乎很划算，但不可靠，而且买得很不好。

"impulse buy" = a purchase that you suddenly decide to make. “冲动购买” =您突然决定进行的购买。 Example: As you wait in line for a supermarket checkout, do you notice the impulse buys lined up to get your attention? 示例：当您排队等待超市结账时，您是否注意到排队购买的冲动引起您的注意？

buy (v): To obtain some goods or service, by paying money for it. 获得一些商品或服务，只需为此付费即可。 Examples: It's becoming harder for young people to buy a house. 例子：年轻人越来越难买房子。 Alice bought some sushi for lunch. 爱丽丝买了一些寿司当午餐。 Frank walked to the shops to buy a gardening magazine. 弗兰克到商店去买一本园艺杂志。 This website helps you to buy and sell shares. 该网站可以帮助您买卖股票。 Sandra bought herself some chocolate. 桑德拉给自己买了一些巧克力。 Sandra also bought some flowers for her office. 桑德拉还为她的办公室买了一些花。 I/you/we/they/ buy, he/she/it/ buys. /am/is/are/ buying. /all/ bought (note spelling, irregular verb). /was/were/ buying. /shall/will/ buy. /shall/will/ be buying.

buy / buy off (v): To bribe someone. 贿赂某人。 Example: A local builder has been charged with buying off city councillors, to get planning approvals. 示例：一家本地建筑商被指控收购市议员，以获取规划批准。

"buy (someone's) silence" = to pay someone to keep a secret. “买（某人）的沉默” =付钱给某人保守秘密。 Example: Accused with abuse of children, the Bishop asked his accuser how much it would cost to buy his silence. 例子：主教被控虐待儿童，问他的原告要多少钱才能购买他的沉默。

"buy time" = to do something so that you are allowed more time to complete a task. “ 争取时间” =做某事，以便您有更多时间完成任务。 Example: David tried to buy time for his assignment by saying that his laptop broke. 例子：大卫试图说出笔记本电脑坏了来争取时间来做作业。

buy (v): To believe that something is true. 相信某事是真的。 Example: David's examiner didn't buy David's story about his laptop breaking. 示例：David的审查员没有购买David关于笔记本电脑损坏的故事。

"buy into" = to completely believe in some idea. “购买” =完全相信某种想法。 Example: Do you buy into the idea that the latest bushfires were deliberately lit? 示例：您是否接受过故意点燃最近的丛林大火的想法？

"buy into" = to buy a part of a business in order to get some control of it. “买入” =购买企业的一部分以便对其进行控制。 Example: The billionaire bought into a fashion retailer with the aim of eventually taking it over. 示例：这位亿万富翁为了最终接手而收购了一家时装零售商。

"buy (somebody) out" = to buy someone's interest in a business or other venture, so that they have nothing more to do with it. “买断（某人）” =购买某人在一家企业或其他合资企业中的权益，以便他们与之无关。 Example: A friend of Betty's wants to retire from her hairdressing business, and Betty has an opportunity to buy her out. 示例：Betty的一个朋友想退出她的美发业务，而Betty有机会将她买断。

"buy yourself out" = to pay money to be released early from a contract. “买断自己” =支付要从合同中提早解除的款项。 Example: In some countries, you can buy yourself out of the Defence Forces. 示例：在某些国家/地区，您可以从国防军中解救出来。

"buy (something) up" = to purchase all of something that is available to buy. “购买（某物）” =购买所有可以购买的东西。 Example: The property developer has bought up all the land close to the river. 示例：房地产开发商已购买了靠近河边的所有土地。

"buy the farm" = [SL:] to die. “购买农场” = [SL：]死亡。 Example: This strange idiom may have originated with soldiers wanting to leave the defence forces before they were killed in battle, buy a farm and lead a peaceful life. 例子：这个奇怪的成语可能是由于士兵在战斗中被杀而想离开国防军，购买农场并过着和平生活的起源。

"(somebody) has bought it" = [SL:] someone has been killed. “（某人）已购买” = [SL：]某人被杀。 Example: Although her children survived the car crash, sadly their mother bought it. 示例：尽管她的孩子在车祸中幸存下来，可悲的是他们的母亲买了它。

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