课92：更多的名词，形容词和动词同时具有多种含义：D

Lesson 92: More Words that are Both Nouns/Adjectives and Verbs, with Many Meanings: D


DAMAGE 损伤

damage (n), (singular): Injury, harm, breakage or pollution. 伤害，伤害，损坏或污染。

Examples: The house next to Frank's received damage in the storm, but Frank's house was ok. 示例：弗兰克家旁边的房子在暴风雨中受损，但弗兰克的房子还可以。

A media investigation uncovered political corruption, which has done serious damage to the political Party. 媒体调查发现，政治腐败对政党造成了严重损害。

The patient's brain showed damage following a severe stroke. 严重中风后，患者的大脑显示出损伤。

A certain chemical was banned from use in aerosols because it caused damage to the environment. 禁止在气溶胶中使用某种化学品，因为它会对环境造成破坏。


You can have "economic / financial" damage as well as "physical / structural" damage. 您可能会遭受“经济/财务”损害，也可能遭受“物理/结构”损害。

Example: The storm caused moderate structural damage to our neighbour's garage. 示例：暴风雨对我们邻居的车库造成了中等程度的结构性损坏。


Damage can be "criminal" (= caused by a crime) or "civil" (= not caused by a crime, for example if a tree in your garden falls on a neighbour's house). 损害可以是“犯罪的”（由犯罪造成）或“民事的”（＝不是犯罪造成的，例如，如果您花园中的树木掉落在邻居的房屋上）。


Damage can be "minor / moderate / extensive / serious / severe / catastrophic / irreparable (= not able to be repaired). 损坏可以是“轻微/中度/广泛/严重/严重/灾难性/无法修复（=无法修复）。

Example: The storm caused severe structural damage to our neighbour's house. 示例：暴风雨对我们邻居的房屋造成了严重的结构性破坏。


damages (pl): Money that is paid to someone by a person or organization who is responsible for causing them harm or loss. 个人或组织向造成其伤害或损失的人支付的钱。

Examples: An Australian actor was recently awarded (= given as a judgment in court) $ 4 million in damages after being libelled (= having wrong allegations made about them in print). 例子：一名澳大利亚演员在被释放后，最近被判给（=法庭上的判决）400万美元的赔偿（=印制了关于他们的错误指控）。

A company convicted of copyright fraud was ordered to pay $ 20 million in damages. 一间被判犯有版权欺诈罪的公司被勒令赔偿2000万美元。

An elderly lady who tripped and fell on an uneven footpath was awarded damages from the local Council. 一位年迈的女士绊倒并跌落在不平坦的人行道上，已获得地方议会的赔偿。


damage (v): To injure or harm someone. To break or pollute something. 伤害或伤害某人。 破坏或污染某物。

Examples: The house next to Frank's was damaged in the storm, but Frank's house was ok. 示例：弗兰克家旁边的房子在暴风雨中受损，但弗兰克的房子还可以。

A media investigation uncovered political corruption, which seriously damaged the political Party. 媒体调查发现，政治腐败严重损害了该政党。

A severe stroke badly damaged part of the patient's brain. 严重的中风严重损害了患者大脑的一部分。

The chemical "CFC" was banned from use in aerosols because it damaged the environment. 禁止在气雾剂中使用化学“ CFC”，因为它破坏了环境。

I/you/we/they/ damage, he/she/it/ damages.
/am/is/are/ damaging (note spelling, no -E).
/all/ damaged (note spelling, single -E before -D).
/was/were/ damaging.
/shall/will/ damage.
/shall/will/ be damaging.


You can "do damage to someone / something", or "inflict damage upon someone / something" - these phrases mean the same thing. 您可以“对某人/某物造成损害”，或“对某人/某物造成损害”-这些短语表示同一件事。


"the damage is done" = it is too late to prevent this damage, now we have to repair it or clear it up. “损坏已完成” =阻止这种损坏为时已晚，现在我们必须对其进行修复或清除。


"what's the damage?" = how much harm or injury has been done? “造成了什么损失？” =造成了多少伤害？

Example: Frank said to his neighbour "I heard a crash during the storm, what's the damage?" 例子：弗兰克对他的邻居说：“我在暴风雨中听到了车祸，造成了什么损失？”


"damage claim" = a form that you complete and send to your insurer so that you can be compensated for damage. “损害索赔” =您填写并发送给保险公司的表格，以便可以赔偿您的损失。

Example: A Claims Assessor visited Frank's neighbour and helped them to complete a damage claim. 示例：索赔评估员拜访了弗兰克的邻居，并帮助他们完成了损害索赔。


"damage control" = see Lesson 87, "Control". “损坏控制” =参见第87课“控制”。


"damage limitation" = taking quick action to stop some damage becoming worse. “损害限制” =迅速采取行动以制止某些损害的恶化。

Example: As damage limitation, the political party moved quickly to investigate the corruption and sack two employees. 示例：作为损害赔偿的限制，政党迅速采取行动调查腐败并解雇了两名雇员。



DEAL 合同 / 合约 / 份量 / 经销 / 交易 / 成交


deal (n), deals (pl): An agreement, especially between two companies (a "business deal"). Similar meaning to "bargain". 协议，尤其是两家公司之间的协议（“商业交易”）。 与“讨价还价”相似。

Examples: Casual workers often get a rough deal (= a bad deal) from employers. 示例：临时工通常会从雇主那里得到一笔不菲的交易。

Muriel made a deal with her grandchildren - a trip to the swimming pool if they stopped using their iPads for half a day. 穆里尔（Muriel）和她的孙子孙女达成了一笔交易-如果他们停止使用iPad半天，那就去游泳池。

The British Government is still trying to strike a deal (= make a deal) with the European Union over Brexit. 英国政府仍在试图就脱欧问题与欧盟达成协议（或达成协议）。


"do / make a deal" = to make an agreement. 达成协议。

Example: The mining company say that they are close to making a deal with China. 示例：这家矿业公司说，他们即将与中国达成交易。


"cut / strike a deal" = same as "do / make a deal" 与“达成/达成交易”相同


"close / seal a deal" = to finalise an agreement. “完成/达成交易” =完成协议。

Example: The mining company say that they will shortly seal a deal with China. 示例：矿业公司说，他们不久将与中国达成协议。


"a done deal" = an agreement that is certain to happen. “已完成的交易” =一定会达成的协议。

Example: The sale of the bankrupt airline is not yet a done deal. 示例：出售破产航空公司的交易尚未完成。


"a package deal" = an agreement with two or more parts, all of which have to be accepted. “一揽子交易” =包含两个或多个部分的协议，必须全部接受。

Example: Fred bought a package deal for a fortnight's holiday in Spain, covering flights, food and accommodation. 示例：弗雷德（Fred）在西班牙购买了一个为期两周的度假套餐，涵盖航班，食品和住宿。


"a square deal" = a fair and honest agreement. “公平交易” =公平诚实的协议。

Example: Alice obtained a square deal for financing her new car. 示例：爱丽丝获得了一笔为她的新车融资的交易。


"back out of a deal / pull out of a deal" = to try to undo an agreement. “取消交易/退出交易” =试图撤消协议。

Example: Now that the oil price has dropped, the drilling company wants to back out of a deal signed just 3 months ago. 示例：由于油价已经下跌，这家钻井公司希望退出3个月前签署的一项交易。


"a good deal" / "a great deal" = a large amount of something. Same meaning as "a lot". “很多” /“很多” =很多东西。 与“很多”相同。

Examples: John put a great deal of effort into making this product easy to use. 示例：John为使该产品易于使用付出了巨大的努力。

The family spends a good deal of their time at their seaside house. 一家人在海边的房子里度过了很多时光。

They still need a great deal more money to finish the project. 他们仍然需要大量资金才能完成该项目。


"a good deal" / "a great deal" = a good bargain. “很多” /“很多” =讨价还价。

Example: Sandra got a good deal (= paid a low price) on her new business suit. 示例：桑德拉（Sandra）的新西装很划算（=低价）。


deal (n): An act of dealing (= sharing out) something, especially playing cards. 交易（=分享）某物，特别是纸牌的行为。

Example: Bert and Ernie were playing poker. "Whose deal is it?" asked Ernie. 例子：伯特和厄尼在玩扑克。 “那笔交易是什么？” 厄尼问。


"the real deal" = someone or something that is genuine. “真正的交易” =真实的某人或某物。

Example: I recommend this teacher - she's the real deal! 例子：我推荐这位老师-她才是真正的交易！


deal (v): To do business with someone. 与某人做生意。

Example: The bank deals only with companies which do not deal in coal. 示例：银行仅与不从事煤炭交易的公司交易。

I/you/we/they/ deal, he/she/it/ deals.
/am/is/are/ dealing.
/all/ dealt (note spelling, irregular verb).
/was/were/ dealing.
/shall/will/ deal.
/shall/will/ be dealing.


deal (v): To share something. 分享一些东西。

Examples: Bert and Ernie were playing poker. "Whose turn is it to deal?" asked Ernie. 例子：伯特和厄尼在玩扑克。 “该轮到谁处理？” 厄尼问。

The aid agency had 2 kilos of rice and 5 litres of water to deal out to each person affected by the floods. 援助机构有2公斤大米和5升水来分发给受洪灾影响的每个人。


deal (v) [SL]: To sell drugs. 卖毒品。

Example: The schoolboy had been dealing for a year before the Police arrested him. 例子：小学生在被警察逮捕之前已经交易了一年。


"deal a blow to somebody / something" = to cause someone or something to be badly affected. “对某人或某物造成打击” =使某人或某物受到严重影响。

Example: The latest unemployment data deals a severe blow to the state's economic recovery. 示例：最新的失业数据严重打击了该州的经济复苏。


"deal somebody / something a blow" = the same as "deal a blow to somebody /something". “对某人/某物造成打击” =与“对某人/某物造成打击”相同。


"deal with something / somebody" = to take some action to overcome a problem. “与某人/某人打交道” =采取一些行动来克服问题。

Examples: We convinced our local Council of the need for action to deal with flooding in our street. 我们说服地方议会相信需要采取行动来应对我们街道的洪水。

"Disciplinary action" = A method for dealing with a worker who causes problems or does not obey company rules. “纪律处分” =一种与引起问题或不遵守公司规则的工人打交道的方法。



DECAY 衰变 / 腐烂 / 腐烂 / 衰

decay (n, singular only): Damage that is becoming worse. It can apply to buildings, objects, the environment, an economy or society. 损害越来越严重。 它可以应用于建筑物，物体，环境，经济或社会。

Examples: This old industrial neighbourhood shows much decay, with many abandoned factories. 示例：这个古老的工业区显示出很多腐烂，有许多废弃的工厂。

Drug use contributes to crime, poverty and social decay in many countries. 吸毒在许多国家导致犯罪，贫穷和社会衰败。

My dentist told me that a quarter of my teeth have some decay. 我的牙医告诉我，我的四分之一牙齿有些腐烂。

Manufacturing in Australia has been in decay for years. 多年来，澳大利亚的制造业一直在衰退。


decay (n): In physics, a process by which a radioactive substance changes to a different form, sending out radiation. 在物理学中，是指放射性物质变为不同形式并发出辐射的过程。

Example: A P.E.T. medical scanner uses the decay of a radioactive solution, injected into a patient, to form a picture of the patient's organs. 示例：P。E。T。 医疗扫描仪利用注入到患者体内的放射性溶液的衰减来形成患者器官的图片。


"decay product" = the substance that is left after radioactive decay has finished. “衰变产物” =放射性衰变完成后剩下的物质。

Example: Natural Uranium decays, with a half-life of 4 billion years, to form Thorium and a final decay product of Lead. (Half-life = the time taken for the radiation sent out to halve in intensity). 示例：天然铀衰变，具有40亿年的半衰期，形成Thorium和铅的最终衰变产物。 （半衰期=发出的辐射强度减半所需的时间）。


decay (v): To gradually become damaged or worse. 逐渐变得受损或恶化。

Examples: Your teeth decay if you don't take care of them. 例如：如果您不照顾它们，您的牙齿就会腐烂。

Dead animals decay quite quickly. 死动物很快腐烂。

The river is drying up, and full of decaying fish. 这条河正在干drying，到处都是腐烂的鱼。

I/you/we/they/ decay, he/she/it/ decays.
/am/is/are/ decaying.
/all/ decayed.
/was/were/ decaying.
/shall/will/ decay.
/shall/will/ be decaying.


decay (v): To cause something to gradually become damaged or worse. 使某物逐渐损坏或恶化。

Example: Sugary foods produce acid that decays your teeth. 例如：含糖食品产生的酸会腐蚀牙齿。

Acid rain from pollution has decayed the limestone blocks of our local church. 污染引起的酸雨使我们当地教堂的石灰石砖腐烂了。


decay (v): In physics, to change to a different form, producing radiation. 在物理学中，要改变为其他形式，从而产生辐射。

Example: Natural Uranium decays to form Thorium, with a half-life of 4 billion years. 示例：天然铀衰变形成Thorium，其半衰期为40亿年。


decaying (adj): Showing signs of decay. 呈现衰减迹象。

Example: By the river, a rickety jetty is supported by decaying wooden piles. 示例：在河边，一个摇摇欲坠的码头被腐烂的木桩支撑着。



DECENT 体面的 / 像样 / 正经

decent (n): There is no noun "decent". There is a noun "decency", the state of being decent. Its opposite is "indecency". 没有名词“体面”。 有一个名词“正派”，正派的状态。 相反的是“ in亵”。

Examples: The idea of decency seems to be vanishing from modern society. 例子：礼貌的观念似乎在现代社会中消失了。

In court, the man was charged with one count of public indecency, after urinating in public. 在法庭上，该男子在公共场所小便后被指控一项公共in亵罪。


decent (adj): Having good qualities - honesty, fairness, kindness and good taste. 具有良好的品质-诚实，公平，友善和良好的品味。

Examples: The motorist who stopped and helped Frank change a flat tyre was very decent. 例子：停车并帮助弗兰克换了个tire胎的驾驶员非常体面。

When Muriel knocked over her shopping trolley, a very decent young man helped her to pick everything up. 当穆里尔（Muriel）撞倒她的购物车时，一个非常体面的年轻人帮助她捡起了一切。


decent (adj): In good condition. 状态良好。

Example: Do you have a decent pair of shoes? Those are very scuffed. 例子：你有一双像样的鞋子吗？ 那些很伤人。


decent (adj): A good quantity or amount of something. 大量或大量的东西。

Examples: This bakery puts a decent amount of meat in their pies. 例如：这家面包店在他们的馅饼中放了很多肉。

For his age, Frank can walk at a very decent speed. 对于他的年龄，弗兰克可以以非常体面的速度行走。


decently (adv): In a decent way. 以体面的方式。

Example: This boss has always behaved decently towards her employees. 这个老板对她的员工们总是表现得很体面。


decent (v): There is no verb "decent". Don't confuse this word with "descent", which means moving down from a height. 没有动词“体面”。 不要将此词与“下降”混淆，这意味着从高处向下移动。



DECREASE 减少 / 还原 / 下降 / 下降

decrease (n), decreases (pl): A reduction in a quantity or value of something. 减少某物的数量或价值。

Examples: The flow of water in our local river shows a decrease over the last decade. 示例：过去十年来，我们当地河流的水流量呈下降趋势。

When iPods and Internet music streaming arrived, there was a rapid decrease in the use of CDs. 当iPod和Internet音乐流媒体出现时，CD的使用迅速减少。

Share prices of coal miners show a steady decrease, as the world moves to renewable energy generation. 随着世界转向可再生能源发电，煤矿工人的股价呈稳定下降趋势。


You can talk about a "marked / significant / dramatic" decrease, or a "slight / gradual / steady" decrease. 您可以谈论“明显/显着/戏剧性”的下降，或者“轻微/渐进/稳定”减少。


decrease (n): The process of something becoming less or fewer. 变得越来越少的过程。

Example: Many companies reported decreases in revenue and nett profit this year. 示例：许多公司报告今年收入和净利润下降。


decrease (n): The amount by which something becomes less or fewer. 变得越来越少的量。

Example: Our local restaurant said they had a 20 % decrease in the number of customers in May. 范例：我们当地的餐厅说他们5月份的顾客人数减少了20％。


decrease (v) (note pronunciation): To become less or fewer. The opposite of "Increase". 变得越来越少。 与“增加”相反。

Examples: The flow of water in our local river has decreased over the past decade. 示例：在过去十年中，我们当地河流的水流量有所减少。

The use of CDs significantly decreased when the iPod came to market. 当iPod上市时，CD的使用大大减少。

Share prices of coal miners are steadily decreasing, as the world moves to renewable energy generation. 随着世界转向可再生能源发电，煤矿工人的股价正在稳步下降。

The number of people smoking in Australia has decreased by 15 % in the past 10 years. 在过去的十年中，澳大利亚的吸烟人数减少了15％。

I/you/we/they/ decrease, he/she/it/ decreases.
/am/is/are/ decreasing (note spelling, missing -E before -ING).
/all/ decreased (note spelling, only one -E before -D).
/was/were/ decreasing.
/shall/will/ decrease.
/shall/will/ be decreasing.


decrease (v): To make something become less or fewer. 使某物变得越来越少。

Examples: The Government wants to further decrease expenditure on scientific research. 例子：政府希望进一步减少科研支出。

Many banks have decreased the amount they will lend to coal and oil producers. 许多银行已经减少了对煤炭和石油生产商的贷款额。



DELAY 耽搁 / 缓 / 延迟 / 拖延 / 耽误

delay (n), delays (pl): A situation when you have to wait longer than you expected for something to happen. Also, the time that you have to wait. 这种情况下，您必须等待比预期更长的时间才能发生某些事情。 另外，您必须等待的时间。

Examples: Fog at the airport led to long delays. 示例：机场的雾气导致长时间的延误。

We must start paying off our debt without delay. 我们必须立即清偿债务。

The pandemic has caused a delay to the next Olympic Games. 大流行使下一届奥运会推迟了。


A delay can be "brief / short / moderate / long / excessive / extreme". 延迟可以是“简短/短暂/中等/长时间/过度/极端”。


"average delay" = the average of a set of delays. “平均延迟” =一组延迟的平均值。

Example: The average delay for the delivery of parcels at the moment is about 4 days. 示例：目前，包裹交付的平均延迟时间约为4天。


"bureaucratic delay" = a delay caused by Government procedures. “官僚的拖延” =政府程序造成的拖延。

Example: The Government did not want a Royal Commission into bad financial behaviour, and created as much bureaucratic delay as possible. 示例：政府不希望皇家委员会陷入不良的财务举动，并造成尽可能多的官僚主义拖延。


delay (v): To make something happen at a later time than expected. 使事情发生的时间比预期的晚。 Examples: Fog at the airport delayed many flights. 例如：机场的雾气延误了许多航班。

A new therapy for eye disease has been proved to delay patients' loss of vision. 事实证明，一种针对眼部疾病的新疗法可延缓患者的视力丧失。

The pandemic is certain to delay the Olympic Games. 大流行肯定会推迟奥运会。

The Government wants to delay making a decision about this matter by a fortnight. 政府希望将有关此事的决定推迟两个星期。

I/you/we/they/ delay, he/she/it/ delays.
/am/is/are/ delaying.
/all/ delayed.
/was/were/ delaying.
/shall/will/ delay.
/shall/will/ be delaying.


delay (v): To not act quickly or immediately. 不要迅速或立即采取行动。

Example: If we delay making a deal, the chance may never come again. 示例：如果我们延迟达成交易，则机会可能再也不会出现。



DELIGHT 喜 / 乐趣 / 情趣 / 悦 / 趣味 / 爱

delight (n), delights (pl): Great pleasure or satisfaction. 非常高兴或满意。

Examples: When Betty received a large bonus (= extra payment for good work) she could not hide her delight. 当贝蒂获得巨额奖金（=为出色工作付出的额外报酬）时，她无法掩饰自己的喜悦。

The student read her examination scores with delight. 学生高兴地读了她的考试成绩。

Frank laughed with delight when he learned he had won a lottery prize. 弗兰克得知自己赢得了彩票大奖时高兴地笑了。

Betty's eyes shone with delight when she received a large bonus. 当贝蒂获得巨额奖金时，她的眼睛高兴地闪闪发光。

The dog barked in delight as it ran around the park. 那只狗在公园里跑来跑去时高兴地叫着。


delight (n): Something or someone that gives great pleasure or satisfaction. 高兴或高兴的东西或某人。

Examples: Sandra's new hairdresser is a real delight. 例子：桑德拉（Sandra）的新美发师真是令人高兴。

The new fast train service to Ballarat is a delight. 飞往巴拉瑞特的新快车服务令人高兴。


"the delights of something" = the pleasures of something. “某物的乐趣” =某物的乐趣。

Example: The elderly couple discovered the delights of going on a cruise in a small ship with no children. 例子：一对年长的夫妇发现了在没有孩子的小船上航行的乐趣。


"in transports of delight" = in a state of extreme happiness. “以欢乐为乐” =处于极度幸福的状态。

Example: The political candidate was in transports of delight after her election to Parliament. 例子：政治候选人当选为国会议员后高兴得运气。


"to take great delight in" = to enjoy or be satisfied with something. “非常高兴” =享受或满意某事。

Examples: Muriel takes great delight in keeping her garden tidy and beautiful. 示例：Muriel非常高兴保持花园整洁美丽。

Alice takes great delight in writing efficient software. 爱丽丝非常高兴编写高效的软件。

Muriel's grandson takes great delight in teasing his sister. 穆里尔的孙子很高兴取笑他的妹妹。


"Turkish Delight" = a sticky sweet, often containing hazelnuts or pistachios, flavoured with rosewater and dusted with icing sugar. “土耳其软糖” =一种粘稠的糖果，通常包含榛子或开心果，并用玫瑰水调味并撒上糖粉。

Example: At the restaurant, the menu of desserts included baklava, walnut candy, halva and Turkish delight. 示例：在餐厅，甜点菜单包括果仁蜜饼，核桃糖，酥糖和土耳其软糖。


delight (v): To give someone great pleasure or satisfaction. The opposite of "Displease". 使某人高兴或满意。与“不取悦”相反。

Examples: Her large bonus delighted Betty. 例子：她的巨额奖金使贝蒂高兴。

Her excellent exam scores delighted the student. 她出色的考试成绩使学生感到高兴。

Frank's lottery win delighted him and Muriel. 弗兰克的彩票胜利使他和穆里尔感到高兴。

I/you/we/they/ delight, he/she/it/ delights.
/am/is/are/ delighting.
/all/ delighted.
/was/were/ delighting.
/shall/will/ delight.
/shall/will/ be delighting.


"to be delighted" = to experience great pleasure or satisfaction. “高兴” =感到极大的快乐或满足。

Examples: Betty was delighted to receive a large bonus. 例子：贝蒂很高兴获得丰厚的奖金。

The student was delighted with her exam scores. 学生对她的考试成绩感到满意。

Frank was delighted by his lottery win. 弗兰克为自己的彩票获胜感到高兴。

The dog was delighted to be off its leash, running around the park. 那只狗很高兴摆脱皮带，在公园里跑来跑去。


"to delight in something" = same as "to take delight in something". “使某事高兴” =与“使某事高兴”相同。


delightedly (adv): In a delighted way. 以一种高兴的方式。

Example: Frank laughed delightedly when he learned he had won a lottery prize. 例子：弗兰克得知自己赢得了彩票大奖时高兴地笑了。



DEMAND 需求 / 需要 / 要求 / 索

demand (n), demands (pl): A strong request. 强烈要求。

Examples: The unions gave the Government a list of their demands for a better labour agreement. 例子：工会向政府提供了一份清单，要求他们制定更好的劳动协议。

Fred received a tax demand last week, and doesn't have the money to pay it. 弗雷德（Fred）上周收到了一项税收要求，但没有钱支付。

Bert received a Final Demand (= a final request, before legal action starts) for him to pay his electricity bill. 伯特收到了他的最终要求（=在法律诉讼开始之前的最终请求），要求他支付电费。

Some right-wing politicians refuse to say yes to union demands. 一些右翼政客拒绝同意工会的要求。


demand (n): A need for some goods or services. 需要某些商品或服务。

Examples: When Apple introduced the iPhone, there was a huge demand for it. 示例：当苹果推出iPhone时，对它的需求很大。

Australia has benefitted for many years from a strong demand from Asian countries for gas, minerals and services. 多年来，澳大利亚受益于亚洲国家对天然气，矿产和服务的强劲需求。

Good maths and science teachers are always in demand (= are always needed). 总是需要好的数学和科学老师（=总是需要）。


demands (plural only): Difficult things that are necessary to do. 要做的困难的事情。

Example: Many young people do not realise how great are the demands of looking after a baby. 例子：许多年轻人没有意识到照顾婴儿的需求有多大。

Betty sometimes thinks that her job makes too many demands on her (= she has to work too hard). 贝蒂有时认为她的工作对她提出了太多要求（=她必须努力工作）。


We speak about "changing / competing / conflicting demands." 我们谈论的是“变化/竞争/冲突的需求”。

Example: Many states in Australia face competing demands from farmers for scarce water supplies. 示例：澳大利亚的许多州都面临着农民对稀缺水供应的竞争需求。


We speak about "increasing / rising / growing / booming" demand, and its opposite, "declining / falling / dropping / slowing / diminishing" demand. 我们说的是“增长/上升/增长/繁荣”需求，而相反的是“下降/下降/下降/下降/放缓/下降”需求。

Example: There is a rising demand for electric cars, in every country. 例子：每个国家对电动汽车的需求都在增长。


You can say "demand exceeds / outstrips supply" when demand is very strong, and prices are high. The opposite occurs when supply exceeds demand, so that prices fall. 当需求非常强劲且价格很高时，您可以说“需求超过/超过供应”。 当供应超过需求从而价格下降时，情况恰恰相反。

Example: Demand for the latest Samsung Android mobile phone outstrips supply. 示例：对最新的三星Android手机的需求超过供应。


"on demand" = whenever you want or need it. “按需” =无论何时需要。

Example: Ernie and his wife had an on-demand hot water system installed two years ago, and it has saved them a lot of electricity. 示例：两年前，厄尼和他的妻子安装了按需热水系统，这为他们节省了大量电。


Any action that increases the demand for something is described as "boosting / fuelling / bolstering" demand. 任何增加某种需求的动作都被描述为“增强/加油/加强”需求。

Example: Rising electricity costs have fuelled the demand for solar power. 示例：电力成本上涨推动了对太阳能的需求。


"in demand" = goods or services for which there is a high demand. “按需” =有高需求的商品或服务。

Example: Face masks and hand sanitiser were in demand during the pandemic. 例：大流行期间需要口罩和手消毒剂。


You can say that we "meet / respond to / satisfy" demands. 您可以说我们“满足/响应/满足”要求。

Example: Samsung is increasing production to respond to the demand for its latest Android phone. 示例：三星正在增加产量以响应其最新的Android手机的需求。


"the law of supply and demand" = an economic law stating that people buy less of a product when the price is high, and more when the price is low. Also, when supply is limited, prices rise, and when there is over-supply, prices drop. “供求法则” =一种经济法则，规定人们在价格高时购买的产品较少，而在价格低时则购买的产品更多。 同样，当供应有限时，价格上涨，而当供应过多时，价格下降。

Example: Minerals such as iron ore and hydrocarbons such as oil are subject to the law of supply and demand, and at present there is an over-supply of both. 示例：诸如铁矿石之类的矿物和诸如石油之类的碳氢化合物受供求规律的约束，目前两者都供过于求。


"consumer demand" = the willingness of consumers to buy a product, plus their ability to afford it. “消费者需求” =消费者购买产品的意愿，加上他们购买商品的能力。

Example: Consumer demand for large SUVs (= sports utility vehicles) in Australia has never been higher. 示例：澳大利亚对大型SUV（=越野车）的消费者需求从未如此高。


demand (v): To ask for something in a forceful way, that shows that you do not expect to be refused. 以一种有力的方式要求某件事，这表明您不会被拒绝。

Examples: The unions are demanding, from the Government, a better labour agreement. 示例：工会要求政府提供更好的劳动协议。

This school demands the highest standards of behaviour from its students. 这所学校要求学生采取最高的行为标准。

Citizens demonstrated to demand more public housing for homeless people. 市民证明要求无家可归者增加公共住房。

The Police demanded an explanation from the protest organisers. 警方要求抗议组织者作出解释。

An angry mob of people flocked to the MP's office to demand her resignation. 愤怒的一群人涌向国会议员办公室要求她辞职。

I/you/we/they/ demand, he/she/it/ demands.
/am/is/are/ demanding.
/all/ demanded.
/was/were/ demanding.
/shall/will/ demand.
/shall/will/ be demanding.


demand (v): To need time or effort, in order to be done properly. 需要时间或精力，才能正确完成。

Examples: Frank finds painting very difficult, demanding much concentration. 例子：弗兰克发现绘画非常困难，需要集中精力。

The trainee teacher unfortunately seems to lack the patience demanded of (= needed by) a good teacher. 不幸的是，见习老师似乎缺乏好老师所需要的耐心。



DIAL 表盘 / 刻度盘 / 拨号

dial (n), dials (pl): A measuring device, often part of a machine. 一种测量设备，通常是机器的一部分。

Examples: What's the RPM (= revolutions per minute) on the dial? 示例：表盘上的RPM（=每分钟转数）是多少？

One of John's most useful tools is a vernier caliper with a dial marked in mm and inches. 约翰最有用的工具之一是游标卡尺，表盘上标有毫米和英寸。


dial (n): A part of a machine that you move in order to control it. 为了控制它而移动的机器的一部分。

Examples: Toasters have a dial to choose how brown the toast will be. 示例：烤面包机有一个刻度盘可以选择烤面包的褐色。

Many rotary dials have been replaced by LCD displays and UP/DOWN buttons. 许多旋转式转盘已被LCD显示屏和UP / DOWN按钮取代。


dial (n): On an old-fashioned telephone, a numbered disc that could be turned to generate each number. 在老式电话上，可以旋转一张已编号的光盘以生成每个号码。

Example: The Australian emergency number 000 was chosen because 0 was easy to find on the dial, even in pitch darkness (= even if it was completely dark). 示例：选择澳大利亚紧急电话号码000是因为即使在漆黑的情况下（即使是完全漆黑的情况），也很容易在表盘上找到0。


dial (v): To operate a phone or make a phone call to someone by choosing a series of numbers, either by tapping buttons or by turning a dial. 通过选择一系列数字来操作电话或拨打电话，方法是轻按按钮或转动拨盘。

Examples: In an emergency, dial 000. 紧急情况下，拨打000。

Sandra dialled her mother's number, but got no answer. 桑德拉拨打了她母亲的电话，但没有接听。

What number do I dial to get an outside line? 我要拨打什么号码才能拨打外线？

I/you/we/they/ dial, he/she/it/ dials.
/am/is/are/ dialling (note spelling, double-L).
/all/ dialled (note spelling, double-L).
/was/were/ dialling.
/shall/will/ dial.
/shall/will/ be dialling.


"to dial something down / up" = to decrease or increase the value of something. “向下/向上拨号” =减少或增加某物的价值。

Examples: Can you dial down that music, please? 例子：你能拨下那音乐吗？

The politician dialled up the pressure on his opponent during an angry debate. 这位政客在一次激烈的辩论中向对手施加了压力。


"to dial up" = to call someone on the telephone. “拨号” =打电话给某人。

Example: Alice dialled up her best friend for a chat. 示例：爱丽丝拨打了她最好的朋友聊天。


"to dial in" = to telephone a radio "talk show" to talk to the presenter. “拨入” =给广播电台的“脱口秀”打电话与主持人讲话。

Example: Why don't you dial in to ABC 774 and give your opinion? 示例：为什么不拨入ABC 774并发表您的意见？



DIE 压模 / 死 / 冲模 / 去世 / 亡

die (n), dies (pl): A shaped piece of metal, used to shape or put a pattern on metal or plastic. A shaped hollow piece of metal, used for moulding objects in metal or plastic. 成形金属片，用于在金属或塑料上成形或放置图案。 空心金属片，用于成型金属或塑料制的物体。

Examples: Many products such as door handles are made in dies. 示例：许多产品（例如门把手）都是用模具制造的。

John used numbered dies to stamp a serial number onto a product. 约翰用编号的模具在产品上贴上序列号。


die-cast (adj): Made by forcing melted material into a die. 通过将熔化的材料压入模具中制成。

Example: Many products such as doorhandles are die-cast. 示例：许多产品（例如门把手）都是压铸件。


die (n): A small cube (= an object with six equal square sides) with a different number of spots on each side, used in some games. Also called a "dice". 在一些游戏中使用的小立方体（=具有六个相等的正方形边的对象），每边的斑点数量不同。 也称为“骰子”。

Example: The ancient game backgammon uses two dice to introduce chance (=luck) into the game. 示例：古代游戏西洋双陆棋使用两个骰子将机会（=运气）引入游戏。


"the die is cast" = a course of action has been decided. There is no turning back from this point. (The verb "cast" means "thrown"). “死定了” =已决定采取的行动。 从这一点来看没有回头路可走。 （动词“ cast”的意思是“抛出”）。

Example: Once Julius Caesar and his army crossed the River Rubicon, the die was cast. 示例：凯撒大帝（Julius Caesar）和他的军队越过鲁比肯河（Rubicon），就死了。


die (v): To stop living or existing. 停止生存或存在。

Examples: Many people are afraid of dying. 例子：许多人害怕死亡。

John's love for Yan will never die. 约翰对艳的爱永远不会消失。

Sandra's father died of a heart attack. 桑德拉的父亲死于心脏病。

Four teenagers died in the car crash. 四名少年在车祸中丧生。

The murderer refuses to confess - his secrets will die with him. 凶手拒绝供认-他的秘密将与他同死。

We had a very cold spell a month ago, and some plants in our garden died. 一个月前，我们的天气很冷，花园里的一些植物死了。

I/you/we/they/ die, he/she/it dies.
/am/is/are/ dying (note spelling, irregular verb).
/all/ died (note spelling, single-E).
/was/were/ dying.
/shall/will/ die.
/shall/will/ be dying.


"to die a natural death" = to die from old age or disease, not from an accident or other violence. “死于自然死亡” =因年老或疾病而死，而不是因事故或其他暴力而死。

Example: Frank's mother died a natural death at the age of 97. 例子：弗兰克的母亲自然去世，享年97岁。


An alternative way of saying "die" is "pass away". 说“死”的另一种方式是“过世”。

Example: Frank's mother passed away naturally at the age of 97. 例子：弗兰克的母亲在97岁那年自然去世。


"to die a violent death" = to die by being killed in a war, or in a fatal accident or event. “死于暴力死亡” =因在战争或致命事故或事件中被杀而死。

Example: The terrorist died a violent death, shot by police as she tried to detonate a bomb. 示例：恐怖分子在试图引爆炸弹时被警察枪杀，造成暴力死亡。


die (v): For a machine, to stop working, usually because it runs out of power or fuel. 对于机器，停止工作通常是因为它用尽了动力或燃料。

Examples: The flight was uneventful, until both the airplane's engines died. 示例：飞行平稳，直到飞机的引擎都死了。

Muriel's mobile phone died in the middle of a chat with her daughter. 穆里尔的手机在与女儿聊天的途中死亡。

We were watching this wonderful TV program, then the power died. 我们正在看这个精彩的电视节目，然后电源消失了。


"to die out" / "to die off" = for an animal or an idea to gradually become extinct. “灭绝” /“灭绝” =使动物或观念逐渐灭绝。

Examples: Severe bushfires in this area have caused its koala population to die off. 例如：该地区的严重森林大火导致其考拉种群死亡。

For Aboriginals, story-telling is the only way to make sure that their spoken history does not die out. 对于原住民来说，讲故事是确保其口述历史不会消失的唯一方法。

The spreading use of mobile phones is causing the old "landline" network to die out. 手机的广泛使用正在导致旧的“固定电话”网络消失。


"Assisted Dying" = the suicide of someone who is gravely ill, with the help of a doctor. “辅助死亡” =在医生的帮助下，重病患者的自杀。

Example: The Australian state of Victoria recently passed an Assisted Dying law. 示例：澳大利亚维多利亚州最近通过了一项死刑辅助法。


"the right to die" = a dying person's right to refuse medical treatment. “死亡权” =垂死者拒绝接受治疗的权利。

Example: Having had a stroke, the elderly woman asked for the right to die. 例子：中风后，这位老妇要求死亡的权利。


"to die away" / "to die down" = to become less. “消亡” /“消亡” =变得更少。

Examples: Her voice faltered and then died away. 例子：她的声音颤抖，然后消失了。

There is noisy opposition to the new law, but this will die down in a month or two. 反对这项新法律的声音很大，但这将在一两个月后消失。


"to be dying to do something" = to very much want to do or have something. This is an exaggeration, an example of "hyperbole", which you will learn about in a later lesson. “渴望做某事” =非常想做某事。 这是夸张的，是“夸张”的一个例子，您将在以后的课程中学习。

Examples: "I’m dying to hear about your new boyfriend!" said Sandra to Alice. 例如：“我很想知道你的新男朋友！” 桑德拉对爱丽丝说。

Muriel said "I’m dying for a nice cup of tea!" 穆里尔说：“我很想喝杯好茶！”


"could have died" = felt some feeling, often embarrassment, very strongly. “本来可以死” =非常强烈的感觉，经常感到尴尬。

Example: When I bent over and my trousers tore, I was so embarrassed, I could have died! 例子：当我弯腰裤子撕裂时，我很尴尬，我可能会死！


"to-die-for" = very desirable. “为死而死” =非常可取。

Example: Muriel's chocolate cake is to die for! 示例：Muriel的巧克力蛋糕必死无疑！


"do or die" = having one last chance to succeed. This is another example of hyperbole. “要么死要么死” =有最后的成功机会。 这是夸张的另一个例子。

Examples: Our team is two goals behind with only 6 minutes left in the game, so it's do-or-die now! 示例：我们的团队仅剩6分钟的比赛落后两个目标，所以现在该死了！

David said "I'm going to come top in my class, do-or-die!" 大卫说：“我将在班上名列前茅，死死！”


"or die in the attempt" = similar to "do or die", another example of hyperbole. “或尝试失败”或“ do or die”（夸张的另一个例子）。

Example: Our team is two goals behind with only 6 minutes left in the game, so we'll do our best to win, or die in the attempt. 示例：我们的团队仅剩6分钟的比赛，落后两个目标，因此我们将竭尽全力赢得比赛，或尝试失败。

David said "I'll come top in my class, or die in the attempt!" 大卫说：“我将在班上名列前茅，否则将死于尝试！”


"never say die" = never give up. “永不言败” =永不放弃。

Example: This footy team may be near the bottom of the competition, but they have a never-say-die attitude and their games are always entertaining. 例子：这支脚踏实地的球队可能接近比赛的最低点，但他们的态度永不言败，他们的比赛总是很有趣。


"until your dying day" = for every day until you die. “直到您垂死的一天” =直到您死亡为止的每一天。

Examples: Sandra's father smoked heavily until his dying day. 例子：桑德拉的父亲抽烟严重，直到他快死了。

To her dying day, Yan will never forget John. 在她临终的那一天，艳永永永远不会忘记约翰。


Don't confuse this word with "dye", which you will learn about at the end of this lesson. 不要将此词与“染料”混淆，在本课程的最后，您将学到“染料”。



DIRECT 直接 / 直接 / 指导 / 指挥 / 导向

direct (n): There is no noun "direct". 没有名词“直接”。


direct (adj): Going in a straight line towards somewhere without changing direction. 沿直线走向某处而不改变方向。

Examples: Taking the footpath through the park is the most direct way to the shopping centre. 示例：穿过公园的人行道是前往购物中心的最直接方式。

There is a direct railway line from Lilydale to Flinders Street, although you do have to stop at Box Hill and Camberwell. 从利利代尔（Lilydale）到弗林德斯街（Flinders Street）有一条直达铁路线，尽管您必须在Box Hill和Camberwell停留。


direct (adj): Without anyone or anything else being involved. 没有任何人或其他任何参与。

Examples: The politician denied he had any direct involvement in the pork-barrelling scandal. 例子：政治家否认他直接参与了猪肉卷入丑闻。

The new road project was so delayed, the Government decided to take direct control of it. 新的公路项目如此推迟，政府决定直接控制它。

Science has shown that there is a direct connection between drinking alcohol and getting some cancers. 科学表明，饮酒与患某些癌症之间有直接的联系。

The company's drop in sales was a direct consequence of them sacking their best salesman. 该公司销售额的下降是他们解雇最佳销售人员的直接结果。


"direct light/heat" = light or heat from which you have no protection. “直接光/热” =您没有保护的光或热。

Examples: Keep this electronic equipment away from direct heat! 示例：保持此电子设备远离直接热！

These plants should be kept out of direct sunlight. 这些植物应避免阳光直射。


direct (adj): Complete. 完成。

Examples: The good service we get from our local butcher is a direct contrast from the service offered by the butcher in the shopping mall. 示例：我们从当地肉店获得的优质服务与购物中心的肉店提供的服务形成直接对比。

Our new CEO is the direct opposite of her predecessor (= the person who came before). 我们的新任首席执行官与她的前任是直接相反的。


direct (adj): Having a very honest and open manner, without worrying about other people's opinions. 具有非常诚实和开放的态度，无需担心他人的意见。

Example: Our new CEO has an open and direct manner. 示例：我们的新任首席执行官具有开放直接的态度。


directness (n): An act of being direct in manner. 举止：以态度直接的行为。

Example: Our new CEO has a reassuring directness about her. 例子：我们的新任首席执行官对她的态度令人放心。


"a direct relative" = a person related to you directly through one of your parents, their parents and so on. “直系亲属” =通过您的父母之一，他们的父母等与您直接相关的人。

Example: One of John's customers is a direct relative of the first Postmaster General of Australia. 示例：John的客户之一是澳大利亚第一任邮政局长的直系亲属。


direct / directly (adv): In a straight line towards somewhere without changing direction. 朝着某处的直线而不改变方向。

Example: Does this train go directly to Flinders Street? 示例：这列火车是否直接到达弗林德斯街？


direct / directly (adv): Without anyone or anything else being involved. 没有任何人或其他任何参与。

Example: She intended to go direct to the manager with her complaint. 例子：她打算直接向经理投诉。


direct (v): To be in charge of some activity. 负责一些活动。

Examples: The Head of Border Force directs an organisation with thousands of employees. 示例：边境部队负责人领导一个拥有数千名员工的组织。

The State Emergency Co-ordinator directed firefighting last year. 去年，国家紧急事务协调员指挥了消防工作。

A respected judge has been asked to direct this Judicial Enquiry. 已请一位受人尊敬的法官主持这个司法调查。

I/you/we/they/ direct, he/she/it/ directs.
/am/is/are/ directing.
/all/ directed.
/was/were/ directing.
/shall/will/ direct.
/shall/will/ be directing.


direct (v): To tell people the direction in which they must drive or walk. 告诉人们他们必须开车或走路的方向。

Examples: At the meeting, the staff directed us to our seats. 示例：在会议上，工作人员将我们引导到我们的位子。

During the rush hour, red and green arrows direct the flow of traffic. 在高峰时段，红色和绿色箭头指示交通流量。


direct (v): To tell someone how to get to a place. 告诉某人如何到达某个地方。

Examples: Could you direct me to Platform 12, please? 示例：您能否将我定向到Platform 12？

At the meeting, the staff directed us to our seats. 在会议上，工作人员将我们带到我们的位子。


direct (v): To be in charge of a film or play and to control the actors. 负责电影或戏剧并控制演员。

Examples: Stanley Kubrick directed some memorable films. 例如：斯坦利·库布里克（Stanley Kubrick）执导了一些令人难忘的电影。

Mel Gibson, an Australian actor, also directed films such as "Braveheart." 澳大利亚演员梅尔·吉布森（Mel Gibson）还执导了《勇敢的心》等电影。


direct (v): To aim something in a certain direction. 使某物指向某个方向。

Examples: Please direct your comments to the Chairman! 例子：请将您的意见转达给主席！

Much criticism is directed at stupid politicians. 许多批评是针对愚蠢的政治家的。


direct (v): To give an order to someone. 下达命令给某人。

Example: The Magistrate directed that more time should be given to preparing a defence. 例子：裁判官指示应该花更多时间准备辩护。


"to direct something towards some group" = to produce information that makes a certain group of people interested. “将某物引导到某组” =产生使某组人感兴趣的信息。

Example: This health information is directed towards people aged 20-29. 示例：此健康信息针对20-29岁的人群。


" to direct something to someone" = same as "to aim". “将某物指向某人” =与“瞄准”相同。

Examples: Please direct your questions to the Sales Department. 示例：请直接向销售部门提问。

Donations from the public will be directed to the Housing Department. 公众的捐款将直接寄给房屋署。


"Direct action" = The use of strikes or protests to achieve a goal, instead of negotiations. “直接行动” =通过罢工或抗议来达成目标，而不是进行谈判。

Example: The Transport Union has been negotiating wages rises for three years, and will now take direct action. 示例：运输联盟已经谈判了三年的工资上涨，现在将采取直接行动。


"a direct hit" = when aiming a weapon at a target, to damage it by hitting it, rather than by hitting close to it. “直接命中” =当将武器瞄准目标时，通过击中而不是靠近目标来对其造成伤害。

Example: The soldier adjusted her aim and scored a direct hit. 例子：士兵调整了目标并直接命中。


"direct debit" = an order to a bank or another organisation holding your money, to pay a set amount to another person or organisation. “直接付款” =指示持有您的钱的银行或其他组织向另一人或组织支付固定金额的命令。

Example: Alice makes sure that most of her recurring bills are paid by direct debit. 示例：爱丽丝（Alice）确保她的大部分经常性账单都是通过直接借记支付的。


"direct current (DC)" = an electric current that flows in one direction only, compared with "alternating current" (AC) which oscillates between two directions. 与在两个方向之间振荡的“交流”（AC）相比，“直流（DC）” ＝仅在一个方向上流动的电流。

Example: Batteries provide a stable, reliable source of direct current, and are part of vehicles and many portable devices. 示例：电池提供稳定，可靠的直流电源，并且是车辆和许多便携式设备的一部分。


Please note: the word "direct" is often pronounced "direct". Both pronunciations are acceptable English. 请注意：“直接”一词通常发音为“直接”。 两种发音都是可接受的英语。



DISLIKE 嫌恶 / 訾 / 反感 / 嫌恶

dislike (n), dislikes (pl): A feeling of not liking something or someone. 一种不喜欢某事或某人的感觉。 The opposite of "Like". 与“偏爱”相反。

Examples: John has a dislike of cold weather. 例子：约翰不喜欢寒冷的天气。

Some people have a dislike of air travel, although it is convenient. 尽管很方便，但有些人不喜欢乘飞机旅行。


dislike (v): To not like someone or something. 不喜欢某人或某物。

Examples: John dislikes cold weather. 例子：约翰不喜欢寒冷的天气。

"blow hot and cold" = to sometimes like and sometimes dislike something, which confuses people. “冷热一吹” =有时喜欢，有时不喜欢使人感到困惑的事物。

Why do you have a down on (= dislike) my girlfriend? She's really lovely. 你为什么不喜欢我的女朋友？ 她真的很可爱。

Fred dislikes feeling hungry. 弗雷德不喜欢饿。

Many Australians dislike politicians, especially hypocritical ones. 许多澳大利亚人不喜欢政客，尤其是虚伪的政客。

I/you/we/they/ dislike, he/she/it/ dislikes.
/am/is/are/ disliking (note spelling, no -E).
/all/ disliked (note spelling, single -E).
/was/were/ disliking.
/shall/will/ dislike.
/shall/will/ be disliking.



DISPLAY 显示 / 表现 / 橱窗 / 陈列 / 表现

display (n), displays (pl): A collection of objects arranged for people to look at. 供人们查看的对象的集合。

Examples: There's a display of aboriginal art at our local Town Hall. 示例：我们当地的市政厅里陈列着土著艺术。

A local restaurant has a wonderful display of desserts, right by the door as you walk in! 一家本地餐厅就在您走进时就在门口，展示着许多精美的甜点！

Every Australia Day there's a great fireworks display at Box Hill. 每个澳大利亚国庆日，博士山都会举办大型焰火表演。


"a window display" = a display in a shop window, to attract the attention of pedestrians. “橱窗陈列” =商店橱窗中的陈列，以吸引行人的注意。

Example: The Myer Emporium in the Melbourne CBD puts on a wonderful window display at Christmas. 示例：墨尔本中央商务区的Myer商场在圣诞节期间展示了精美的橱窗。


display (n): People showing their feelings and emotions. 人们表现出自己的感受和情感。

Examples: Many migrants came together in Melbourne at Easter, in a display of goodwill. 例子：许多移民在复活节时聚集在墨尔本，以示诚意。

The politician showed an unexpected display of emotion at the War Memorial ceremony. 这位政治家在战争纪念仪式上表现出意想不到的情感表达。


"display of wealth" = an act that shows people how wealthy you are. “展示财富” =向人们展示你有多富有的行为。

Example: When many people are homeless, this display of wealth from Australia's top business leaders is shameless. 示例：当许多人无家可归时，这种来自澳大利亚最高商业领袖的财富显示是无耻的。


display (n): A screen that is part of a computer, or some other equipment. 属于计算机或某些其他设备的屏幕。

Examples: For computer users, curved displays are becoming popular. 示例：对于计算机用户，曲面显示器正变得越来越流行。

The display on Sandra's scales shows how much she weighs, and her fat content. 桑德拉（Sandra）体重秤上的显示屏显示了她的体重和脂肪含量。

Bert's new camera has a large, bright display, which works well even in bright sunlight. 伯特的新相机具有大而明亮的显示屏，即使在明亮的阳光下也能正常工作。


display (n): The way in which information is shown on a computer screen, or some other equipment. 在计算机屏幕或某些其他设备上显示信息的方式。

Examples: The displays at our local basketball stadium have very large, bright digits. 示例：我们当地篮球场的显示屏上有很大的明亮数字。

It takes experience and effort to produce displays that are easy to understand. 制作易于理解的显示需要经验和精力。


display (v): To arrange a collection of objects for people to look at. 安排对象供人们查看的集合。

Examples: Aboriginal art is displayed in the main meeting room at our local Town Hall. 示例：在我们当地市政厅的主会议室中展示了原住民艺术品。

A local restaurant displays its wonderful desserts, right by the door as you walk in! 当您走进时，一家当地餐厅就在门口展示精美的甜点！

Frank and Muriel proudly display photographs of their children and grandchildren throughout their house. 弗兰克（Frank）和穆里尔（Muriiel）自豪地展示了他们全屋子孙的照片。

I/you/we/they/ display, he/she/it/ displays.
/am/is/are/ displaying.
/all/ displayed.
/was/were/ displaying.
/shall/will/ display.
/shall/will/ be displaying.


display (v): To show a feeling or emotion. 表现出一种感觉或情感。

Examples: Many migrants came together in Melbourne at Easter, to display their goodwill towards one another. 例子：许多移民在复活节时聚集在墨尔本，以表达彼此的好感。

The politician displayed much emotion at the War Memorial ceremony. 这位政治家在战争纪念仪式上表现出极大的情感。

Muriel and Frank often display their love for each other in public. 穆里尔和弗兰克经常在公开场合表现出对彼此的爱。


display (v): To show information on a computer screen, or some other equipment. 在计算机屏幕或某些其他设备上显示信息。

Examples: The scores and time remaining are displayed in very large, bright digits at our local basketball stadium. 示例：在我们当地的篮球场上，分数和剩余时间以非常大的明亮数字显示。

These railway timetables clearly display the time of the next train and its destination. 这些铁路时刻表清楚地显示了下一班火车的时间及其目的地。



DIVORCE 离婚 / 脱离

divorce (n), divorces (pl): The legal process to end a marriage. 终止婚姻的法律程序。

Examples: The rate of divorce in Australia is about 2 divorces per 1000 people per year. 示例：澳大利亚的离婚率约为每年每千人2次离婚。

Divorce is a common cause of homelessness. 离婚是无家可归的常见原因。

The Australian Government introduced "no-fault" divorce, and set up the Family Court, in 1976. 澳大利亚政府提出“无过错”离婚，并于1976年成立了家庭法院。

An increase in family violence over the last 20 years has led to a review of divorce law. 在过去的20年中，家庭暴力的增加导致了对离婚法的审查。


"divorce lawyer" = a lawyer who specialises in divorce. “离婚律师” =专门从事离婚的律师。

Example: When children are part of a marriage, using a divorce lawyer is essential. 示例：当孩子是婚姻的一部分时，必须使用离婚律师。


divorce (n): A separation of two ideas. 两种思想的分离。

Example: Why is there such a divorce between left-wing and right-wing politics when it comes to housing the homeless? 示例：在安置无家可归者时，为什么左翼政治与右翼政治之间会有这样的离婚？

The bigger a company becomes, the more chance of a divorce between upper management decisions and the way they are carried out on the production line. 公司规模越大，高层管理决策与在生产线上执行决策的机会就越大。


divorce (v): To end your marriage by an official or legal process. 通过正式或合法程序结束婚姻。

Example: A friend of Betty's is divorcing her husband, after 30 years of marriage. 例如：贝蒂的一个朋友在结婚30年后正在与丈夫离婚。

I/you/we/they/ divorce, he/she/it/ divorces.
/am/is/are/ divorcing (note spelling, no -E).
/all/ divorced (note spelling, single -E).
/was/were/ divorcing.
/shall/will/ divorce.
/shall/will/ be divorcing.


divorce (v): To separate two subjects or issues. 分开两个主题或问题。

Example: How can you divorce the issues of renewable energy and economic success? 示例：您如何将可再生能源与经济成功的问题分开？


"to divorce something from something else" = To separate two subjects or issues. “与其他事物离婚” =分离两个主题或问题。

Example: The politician can never divorce himself from that sex scandal.



DOCK 码头 / 坞 / 被告席 / 剪掉 / 靠码头 / 入坞

dock (n), docks (pl): A long building next to or over water, where passengers can get on or off a boat or ship, or where goods can be put on and taken off. 一幢长长的建筑物，靠近水面或在水面上，旅客可以在船上上下船，也可以在上面上下货。

Example: In Melbourne, Station Pier is a busy dock, servicing cruise ships from overseas, plus the "Spirit of Tasmania", a ship that links Tasmania and Victoria. 示例：在墨尔本，Station Pier是一个繁忙的码头，为来自海外的游轮提供服务，再加上连接塔斯马尼亚岛和维多利亚州的“塔斯马尼亚的精神”。

The Port of Melbourne, including Swanston and Victoria docks, handles millions of tons of container and general freight every year. 包括斯旺斯顿和维多利亚码头在内的墨尔本港每年要处理数百万吨的集装箱和一般货物。


"dry dock" = a repair dock which can be closed and pumped free of water. “干船坞” =可以关闭并抽水的修理船坞。

Example: The ship went into dry dock to have its rudder repaired. 例：船进入干船坞修理了舵。


dock (n): A flat, raised area attached to a building, used for loading and unloading trucks. Also called a "loading dock". 固定在建筑物上的平坦的凸起区域，用于装卸卡车。 也称为“装卸站”。

Example: Some stores have large loading docks with good access, and some don't! 示例：有些商店的大型装卸码头交通便利，而有些则没有！


dock (n): The place in a law court where the accused person sits during their trial. 被告在审判期间坐在法院的地方。

Examples: The defendant sat quietly in the dock as witnesses gave their evidence. 示例：被告证人作证时，被告安静地坐在码头上。

A Melbourne woman who organised a demonstration against health safety orders will find herself in the dock (= in court). 一位组织了一场违反健康安全法令的示威游行的墨尔本妇女将在码头上找到自己。


dock (n): A wild plant with large leaves that grows in temperate climates. 野生植物，叶片大，在温带气候下生长。

Examples: Broadleaf dock is common in some parts of Australia. 示例：阔叶船坞在澳大利亚某些地区很常见。

Dock leaves rubbed on your skin are good for nettle stings. 擦在皮肤上的船坞叶对荨麻有好处。


"a docking station" = a piece of equipment into which you plug equipment to recharge. “扩展坞” =插入设备以为其充电的一件设备。

Examples: Some smart vacuum cleaners can find their dock in a home and plug themselves in. 示例：某些智能吸尘器可以在家里找到坞站并插入电源。

Frank plugged his cordless drill into its charging dock. 弗兰克将无绳电钻插入充电座。


dock (v): To remove part of something. 去除一部分东西。

Examples: Sheep farmers dock (= cut short) lambs' tails for health reasons. 例如：出于健康原因，养羊者将羊尾停靠（剪短）。

If you take more time off work than allowed, your pay may be docked. 如果您休假的时间多于允许的时间，您的薪水可能会被停泊。

The cost of managing your bank account is docked from the balance. 管理银行帐户的费用从余额中扣除。

I/you/we/they/ dock, he/she/it/ docks.
/am/is/are/ docking.
/all/ docked.
/was/were/ docking.
/shall/will/ dock.
/shall/will/ be docking.


dock (v): To arrive at a dock. To bring a ship into a dock. 到达码头。 使船舶进入码头。

Examples: A large crowd turned up at Station Pier to see a cruise ship dock. 示例：一大群人出现在Station Pier，看到一个游轮码头。

At Port Albert in south-east Victoria, fishing boats dock with their catches. The fish-and-chips sold there is delicious! 在维多利亚州东南部的艾伯特港，渔船停靠其渔获物。 那里卖的炸鱼和薯条真好吃！


dock (v): To join one spacecraft with another. 使一个飞船与另一个飞船连接。

Example: The Russian supply rocket docked with the International Space Station (ISS) early this morning. 示例：俄罗斯的补给火箭今天清晨与国际空间站（ISS）停靠在一起。



DOCUMENT 文件 / 文献 / 议案 / 编入编年史

document (n), documents (pl): A sheet or sheets of paper with written or printed information. 带有书面或印刷信息的一张纸或几张纸。

Examples: Your Birth Certificate is an important document, and should be kept safe. 带有书面或印刷信息的一张纸或几张纸。

During World War 2, many documents were destroyed by bombing of cities. 第二次世界大战期间，许多文件被炸弹炸毁。

Please send originals of documents with your application. Copies are not valid. 请随申请一起发送文件原件。 副本无效。

Please sign both copies of this document and return one to us; keep the other for your records. 请签署本文件的两份副本，然后将其退还给我们； 保留另一个作为记录。


"a forged document" = a document that is made to look real, but is false. “伪造的文档” =看起来真实但错误的文档。

Example: Forging documents is punishable with a large fine, or a prison term. 示例：伪造文件可处以高额罚款或监禁。


We say that a document is "drafted" then "finalised" then "circulated" or "published". 我们说一个文档先是“起草”，然后是“最终定稿”，然后是“散发”或“发布”。

Example: Our Council has published a document for comment, about proposed changes to our local Park. 示例：我们的理事会发布了一份文件，以征询有关对我们当地公园的拟议变更的意见。


a "classified / internal / confidential" document = a document containing information that should be kept secret. “分类/内部/机密”文件=包含应保密的信息的文件。

Example: Betty was given a confidential document explaining proposed changes to the organisation of her team. 示例：向Betty提供了一份机密文件，解释了其团队组织的拟议变更。


a "leaked" document = a document whose content is no longer secret because someone has "leaked" (= given) it to the media. “泄露的”文档=内容不再秘密的文档，因为有人已经“泄露”（=给定）了它到媒体。

Example: The politician is angry because a leaked document showed his plans to publish a false story about his opponent. 示例：政治家很生气，因为泄露的文件显示了他计划发布有关其对手的虚假故事的计划。


a "legal/official/formal" document = a document which is legally important, such as a Birth Certificate, Marriage Certificate or a business Contract. “法律/官方/正式”文件=具有法律重要性的文件，例如出生证明，婚姻证明或商业合同。


document (n): A computer file that contains text and perhaps charts and pictures. You can type, revise and save it, print it out and email it. 一个计算机文件，其中包含文本，可能还包含图表和图片。 您可以输入，修改和保存，打印并通过电子邮件发送。

Examples: Don't forget to save your documents regularly, in case something goes wrong with the computer! 示例：不要忘记定期保存文档，以防计算机出现问题！

Alice emailed 3 documents to her team. 爱丽丝通过电子邮件将3个文档发送给了她的团队。

To save your document, click 'File' then click 'Save', or use the shortcut key combination Control-plus-S. 要保存文档，请单击“文件”，然后单击“保存”，或使用快捷键组合Control-plus-S。


document (v): To use writing or photography to record something important. 用写作或摄影来记录重要的东西。

Examples: The effects of smoking on lung cancer have been documented for years. 实例：吸烟对肺癌的影响已有多年记录。

The composer Dvorak travelled around Eastern Europe, documenting folk music. 作曲家德沃夏克（Dvorak）在东欧旅行，记录民间音乐。

I/you/we/they/ document, he/she/it/ documents.
/am/is/are/ documenting.
/all/ documented.
/was/were/ documenting.
/shall/will/ document.
/shall/will/ be documenting.



DOUBLE 两倍 / 双精度型 / 加倍 / 翻一番 / 双 / 双重 / 倍 / 双重地

double (n), doubles (pl): A person who looks exactly the same as somebody else. 看起来和别人完全一样的人。

Example: The Iraqi ruler Saddam Hussein, always concerned with his safety, used many doubles. 示例：伊拉克统治者萨达姆·侯赛因（Saddam Hussein）一直关心自己的安全，因此使用了许多双打。


double (n): A pair of people playing the same sport as a team. 一对人作为一个团队进行相同运动的人。

Example: Is someone available to make up a double with me, please? 例子：请问有人可以和我一起做双人间吗？


doubles (n): A game of tennis between two doubles. 两双之间进行网球比赛。

Example: Margaret Court and John Newcombe won the mixed doubles (= with mixed-sex pairs) at the Australian Open tennis in 1965. 例子：1965年，玛格丽特·考特（Margaret Court）和约翰·纽科姆（John Newcombe）在澳大利亚公开赛网球比赛中获得了混双冠军。


double (n): A drink with twice the usual amount of alcohol. 含酒精量通常两倍的饮料。

Example: Have you got any Bushmills whiskey? I'll have a double, please. 例子：你有布什米尔斯威士忌吗？ 请给我加倍。


double (n): In billiards, a stroke that hits a ball so that it bounces off a side-cushion into a pocket. 在台球中，是指击打球以使它从侧垫反弹到口袋中的冲程。

Example: The billiards player carefully aimed to make a double. 例子：台球选手精心瞄准双打。


double (n): A bet on two horses in different races. 在不同种族中对两匹马下注。

Example: Bert was delighted to win a double at Moonee Ponds racetrack. 示例：伯特很高兴在Moonee Ponds赛道上赢得双打。


double (n): Something that is twice the amount or size or price of something else. 东西是其他东西的数量，大小或价格的两倍。

Example: Don't buy at that shop - you'll pay double (= twice as much)! 示例：不要在那家商店买东西-您将支付双倍（=两倍）！


double (n): Two competitions won by a single team in a single season. 一个团队在一个赛季中赢得了两次比赛。

Example: Manchester United celebrated a double, winning both the English Premier League and the F A Cup. 示例：曼联庆祝双打，赢得英格兰超级联赛和足总杯。


"double or quits" = a bet the same size as a bet you have just lost. If you win, you cancel your loss. If you lose, your loss will double. “ double or quits” =与您刚刚输掉的赌注相同的赌注。 如果您赢了，就取消您的损失。 如果输了，损失将增加一倍。

Example: Bert and Ernie were playing poker. "You've won $ 50." said Bert, "How about double or quits?" 例子：伯特和厄尼在玩扑克。 “你赢了50美元。” 伯特说：“加倍还是退出？”


double (v): To make something twice as much, or twice as many. 制作两倍或两倍的东西。

Examples: The iron ore miner aims to double its output within 10 years. 示例：铁矿石开采商的目标是在10年内将其产量提高一倍。

Fred dreams often of changing jobs to double his salary. 弗雷德经常梦想换工作，使自己的薪水加倍。

I/you/we/they/ double, he/she/it/ doubles.
/am/is/are/ doubling (note spelling, no -E).
/all/ doubled (note spelling, single -E).
/was/were/ doubling.
/shall/will/ double.
/shall/will/ be doubling.


double (v): To become twice as much or twice as many. 变成两倍或两倍。

Examples: The iron ore miner's output should double within 10 years. 示例：铁矿石开采商的产量应在10年内翻一番。

In his dreams, Fred's salary doubles. 在他的梦中，弗雷德的薪水加倍。


double (v): To walk or march at twice the usual speed. 以两倍于通常速度的速度行走或前进。

Example: The squad of soldiers doubled towards the parade ground. 示例：士兵队伍向阅兵场加倍。


"at the double" / "on the double" = at twice the usual speed. “双倍” /“双倍” =以通常速度的两倍。

Example: "To the parade ground, at the double!" shouted the officer. 例如：“到阅兵场，加倍！” 大喊那名军官。


double (v): To fold something over to make it twice as thick. 将东西折叠起来使其厚度加倍。

Example: Muriel took care to double the hem she was sewing, to make it stronger. 示例：Muriel小心翼翼地将缝制的下摆加倍，以使其更牢固。


double (v): To have a second use or job. 有第二用途或工作。

Example: My iPhone doubles as my camera. 示例：我的iPhone兼作我的相机。


double (v): To multiply something by two. 乘以2。

Example: To bake a cake twice as big, double all the ingredients. 示例：要把蛋糕烤大两倍，请将所有配料翻一番。


"to double back" = to turn around and move over the same route again. “翻倍” =转身并再次沿同一路线移动。

Example: On the bush track, the walkers became lost and had to double back. 示例：在灌木丛上，步行者迷路了，不得不向后翻倍。


"to double down" = to significantly increase a commitment or risk. “翻倍” =显着增加承诺或风险。

Example: The company needs to double down by expanding, to raise sales and return to profit. 示例：公司需要通过扩大规模来扩大规模，以提高销售额和利润。


"to double up" / "double over" = to bend at the waist, if you are ill or in pain. “加倍” /“加倍” =如果您生病或感到疼痛，则弯曲腰部。

Example: Bert suddenly felt a sharp pain in his stomach, and doubled over, groaning. 例子：伯特突然感到肚子剧烈疼痛，并翻了一番，吟。


double (adj): Twice the amount, size or price. 数量，大小或价格的两倍。

Examples: Bert celebrated his win at the races with a double whiskey. 例如：伯特用双杯威士忌庆祝自己在比赛中的胜利。

The meeting room is accessed through double doors. 可以通过双门进入会议室。

The word "between" has a single-E and a double-E. 单词“之间”具有单E和双E。

Everything this comedian says has a double meaning (= has two possible meanings). 这个喜剧演员所说的一切都有双重含义（=有两种可能的含义）。

At the end of an English sentence, put a full-stop and a double space. 在英语句子的末尾加句号和双空格。

Ernie's wife gave him a double helping of ice-cream. 厄尼的妻子给了他双重帮助。

Frank uses a double-strength painkiller when his arthritis is bad. 关节炎不好时，弗兰克使用双强度止痛药。


"double chin" = a layer of fat under your chin, making it seem that you have two chins. “双下巴” =下巴上有一层脂肪，看起来好像有两个下巴。

Example: Betty is horrified to see her hair turning grey, and a double chin appearing! 例子：贝蒂吓坏了，看到她的头发变白，出现了双下巴！


double (adv): In two layers. 分两层。

Examples: The villagers were bent double (= their heads and shoulders were bent forward and down) planting rice. 例子：村民被种成双倍弯曲（=头和肩膀弯曲向前和向下）种植水稻。

Muriel folded the seam double and then sewed it. Muriel将接缝折叠成两半然后缝制。


"to see double" = to have a vision problem so that you see two of everything. “要双重看” =有视力问题，以便您看到所有事物中的两个。

Example: Ernie drank far too much, started seeing double, then fainted. 例如：厄尼喝得太多了，开始看到双眼，然后晕倒了。



DOUBT 怀疑 / 疑问 / 疑惑 / 疑

doubt (n), doubts (pl): An emotion of not being certain about something. 不确定某件事的情绪。

Examples: David's Mum never had any doubt that David would come top of his class. 例子：大卫的妈妈从来没有怀疑大卫会成为他班上的佼佼者。

If there's any doubt about the weather, we should cancel the cricket match. 如果对天气有任何疑问，我们应该取消板球比赛。

In a Court of Law, guilt has to be proved "beyond reasonable doubt". 在法院，必须“有理由怀疑”。

We have doubts that this political candidate will win. 我们怀疑该政治候选人能否获胜。

There are doubts about the safety of the new vaccine. 对新疫苗的安全性存有疑问。

Alice often has doubts when she takes on a new project. 爱丽丝接受新项目时经常会感到疑惑。

There is little doubt that poor hygiene caused the spread of this disease. 毫无疑问，不良的卫生习惯导致了这种疾病的传播。

The government expressed serious doubts about legal action being successful. 政府对诉讼是否成功表示严重怀疑。


"in doubt" = unlikely to happen, or unlikely to be successful. “不确定” =不太可能发生，或不太可能成功。

Example: The future of a Fast Rail line linking Melbourne and Sydney has been in doubt for years. 示例：连接墨尔本和悉尼的快速铁路的未来多年一直令人怀疑。


"to cast doubt on something" = to make something seem uncertain. “对某事产生怀疑” =使某事看起来不确定。

Example: Experts have cast doubt on the ability of the State Government to build the new toll road. 例子：专家们对州政府修建新收费公路的能力表示怀疑。


"room for doubt" = the possibility of not being sure. “怀疑的余地” =不确定的可能性。

Examples: David's exam marks leave no room for doubt that he is an exceptional student. 示例：大卫的考试成绩毫无疑问地证明了他是一名杰出的学生。

There is room for doubt that the convicted person actually did the robbery. 毫无疑问，被定罪的人确实进行了抢劫。


"self-doubt" = doubt about your own abilities. “自我怀疑” =对自己能力的怀疑。

Example: Alice often has some self-doubt when she takes on a new project. 例子：爱丽丝接受一个新项目时经常会有一些自我怀疑。


"no doubt" = true, or likely to happen. “毫无疑问” =正确，或可能发生。

Examples: David is the best student in his class, no doubt about it. 例子：毫无疑问，大卫是他班上最好的学生。

No doubt there will be a Judicial Enquiry into this behaviour. 毫无疑问，将对此行为进行司法调查。

No doubt you'd like something to eat before the meeting? 毫无疑问，您想在会议前吃点东西吗？


"without doubt" / "without a doubt" = same as "no doubt". “毫无疑问” /“毫无疑问” =与“毫无疑问”相同。

You can also use the word "undoubtedly". 您也可以使用“无疑”一词。

Example: Undoubtedly there will be a Judicial Enquiry into this behaviour. 示例：毫无疑问，将对此行为进行司法调查。


doubt (v): To not feel sure or confident about something. 对某事不确定或不确定。

Examples: Looking at the weather, I doubt that the cricket can go ahead. 例子：看天气，我怀疑the会继续前进。

We doubt that this political candidate will win. 我们怀疑这个政治候选人会赢。

Sandra doubts that she can finish this report on time. 桑德拉怀疑她能否按时完成这份报告。

The government doubts that legal action will be successful. 政府怀疑诉讼是否会成功。

The new rail tunnels may be completed on time, but I very much doubt it. 新的铁路隧道可能会按时完工，但我对此非常怀疑。

No-one doubts Alice's abilities, except herself. 除了她自己，没有人怀疑爱丽丝的能力。

I/you/we/they/ doubt, he/she/it/ doubts.
/am/is/are/ doubting.
/all/ doubted.
/was/were/ doubting.
/shall/will/ doubt.
/shall/will/ be doubting.


"to doubt somebody" / "to doubt somebody's word" = to not trust or believe somebody. “怀疑某人” /“怀疑某人的话” =不信任或相信某人。

Example: She's a politician, so when she tells us that things will be ok, we tend to doubt her word. 例子：她是一名政治家，所以当她告诉我们一切都会好起来的时候，我们倾向于怀疑她的话。


"I doubt if..." = I don’t know if ... “我怀疑是否……” =我不知道是否……

Example: It's so wet, I doubt if the firework display will go ahead. 例子：太潮湿了，我怀疑烟花汇演能否继续进行。


doubtful (adj): Not certain. 不确定。

Example: The firework display is doubtful. 示例：烟花汇演令人怀疑。

A victory in our next soccer game is doubtful, since we're playing the best team! 下一场足球比赛的胜利是令人怀疑的，因为我们正在打出最好的球队！


"a doubtful debt" = a debt that is not certain to be repaid. “可疑债务” =不确定可以还清的债务。

Example: Major banks have over the last 6 months been increasing their provision for doubtful debts (= have been setting aside cash for debts that may not be repaid). 示例：过去6个月中，主要银行一直在增加其呆账准备金（=已为可能无法偿还的债务预留了现金）。


doubtfully (adv): In a way that shows doubt. 以某种方式表示怀疑。

Example: The organiser of the firework display looked doubtfully at the weather forecast. 示例：烟花汇演的组织者怀疑地看着天气预报。



DRAIN 浍 / 渠 / 排水 / 外流

drain (n), drains (pl): A conduit (= pipe or channel) that carries away liquid from a container. 用于从容器中带走液体的导管（=管道或通道）。

Example: Muriel said to Frank "I think the kitchen drain is blocked, can you check it please?" 例如：穆里尔（Muriel）对弗兰克（Frank）说：“我认为厨房下水道堵塞了，请检查一下吗？”


drain (n): An opening in a road that carries away rainwater. 带雨水的道路上的开口。

Example: The grating (= steel grille) covering a drain was broken, so we had to be careful not to park on it. 示例：覆盖排水管的格栅（=钢格栅）已损坏，因此我们必须注意不要将其停放在上面。


"the drains" = the system of pipes, channels and openings in the ground that carry away water and sewage. “排水管” =排走水和污水的地下管道，通道和开口的系统。

Example: There must be a blockage in the drains just up our street, because stinking water is flowing onto the footpath! 示例：我们的街道上的排水沟必须堵塞，因为有臭水流到人行道上！


drain (n): Something that takes much time or resources. 这需要很多时间或资源。

Example: Paying interest on their mortgage is a big drain on many people. 示例：为他们的抵押贷款支付利息对很多人来说是一大负担。


drain (v): To take away liquid from a container, by either pouring or scooping it out, or by removing a "drain plug" to let it flow out. 通过倒出或sc出容器中的液体或通过移除“排水塞”使其流出而从容器中取出液体。

Examples: Drain the pasta and rinse with cold water to stop it cooking further. 示例：排干意大利面，并用冷水冲洗，以停止进一步烹饪。

Ernie had a great thirst, and quickly drained his pot of beer. 厄尼（Ernie）口渴，很快就倒掉了他的啤酒。

John drained the radiator of his van and refilled it with fresh cooling liquid. 约翰给货车的散热器排干了水，并用新鲜的冷却液装满了散热器。

I/you/we/they/ drain, he/she/it/ drains.
/am/is/are/ draining.
/all/ drained.
/was/were/ draining.
/shall/will/ drain.
/shall/will/ be draining.


drain (v): To lose liquid. 失去液体。

Examples: Frank cleared a blockage and now the kitchen sink drains well. 示例：弗兰克清除了障碍物，现在厨房水槽排水良好。

John drilled a hole in the bottom of the planter, so that water could drain out. 约翰在播种机的底部钻了一个洞，以便水可以流出来。


drain (v): To make someone very tired. 使某人非常疲倦。

Example: Working two jobs to pay the mortgage really drains me. 例子：工作两个工作来偿还抵押贷款确实让我很累。


drain (v): To reduce something. 减少一些东西。

Examples: Some people have had to drain their savings, having lost their job. 例子：有些人失去了工作，不得不耗尽他们的积蓄。

War drains a country of its resources, especially young people. 战争消耗了一个国家的资源，尤其是年轻人。


"the colour drains from your face" = you turn very pale, often because you have received bad news. “颜色从脸上流失” =您脸色苍白，通常是因为您收到了坏消息。

Example: The colour drained from the mother's face when she learned her child had been injured at school. 示例：当母亲得知孩子在学校受伤时，脸上的颜色消失了。


"down the drain" = wasted or ruined. “无济于事” =浪费或毁了。

Example: When their latest project was cancelled, Alice thought of all the effort that had gone down the drain. 示例：当他们的最新项目被取消时，爱丽丝想到了花掉所有精力的工作。


drain (v): To slowly disappear. 要慢慢消失。

Example: If taxes on businesses are too high, manufacturing will drain out of a country. 例如：如果对企业征税太高，制造业将流失到一个国家。


"brain drain" = a movement of well-educated people from one country to another, in search of better opportunities. “人才外流” =受过良好教育的人从一个国家到另一个国家的流动，以寻求更好的机会。

Example: The decision by the British Government to leave the European Union has seen a considerable brain drain as Britons decide to live and work in Europe. 例子：随着英国人决定在欧洲生活和工作，英国政府离开欧盟的决定引起了相当大的人才流失。


"storm drain" / "stormwater drain" = a drain built to carry away heavy rainfall. “暴雨排水管” /“暴雨排水管” =为带走大量降雨而建造的排水管。

Example: We had to ring the Council, because following heavy rain, the stormwater drain in our street overflowed and flooded our garden. 例子：我们不得不打电话给安理会，因为大雨过后，我们街道上的雨水渠溢出了我们的花园。


"to throw money down the drain" = to waste money. “浪费金钱” =浪费金钱。

Example: Bert's old car gives him much trouble, and repairing it is just money down the drain. 例子：伯特的旧车给他带来了很多麻烦，而修理它只是花钱。



DRAW 平局 / 拖曳 / 绘制 / 吸引 / 抽 / 吸取

draw (n), draws (pl): A situation when at the end of a competition between two teams, their scores are equal and neither side wins. 在两支球队之间的比赛结束时，他们的得分相等且双方均未获胜的情况。

Examples: The result of the AFL match between the Magpies and the Demons was a 72-72 draw. 示例：喜pies和魔鬼之间的AFL比赛结果是72-72平局。

Melbourne City and Newcastle United played to a 2-all (= 2-2) draw. 墨尔本城和纽卡斯尔联队全场2比2（= 2-2）开局。


draw (n): A competition with a random result (= purely due to chance) through the players choosing a number or ticket. 通过选择号码或门票而获得随机结果（=完全是由于偶然性）的比赛。

Example: At the Motorcycle Show, Fred paid $ 10 to enter a draw for a new motorbike. 示例：在摩托车展上，弗雷德付10美元进入抽奖，购买一辆新摩托车。


draw (n): Someone or something that interests many people. 某人感兴趣的东西。

Examples: The Sydney Opera house is a big draw for tourists. 示例：悉尼歌剧院吸引了大量游客。

At the Comedy Festival, a big draw was Magda Szubanski. 在喜剧节上，吸引最多的是Magda Szubanski。


drawing (n), drawings (pl): A picture that is created using a pen or pencil on paper. 使用钢笔或铅笔在纸上创建的图片。

Example: There is an exhibition of Leonardo daVinci drawings at the State Gallery of Victoria. 示例：维多利亚州立美术馆有一个达芬奇绘画展。


draw (v): To make a picture using a pencil or pen on paper. 用铅笔或钢笔在纸上拍照。

Examples: Muriel's grand-daughter drew a picture of a dog and coloured it in. 例如：穆里尔（Muriel）的孙女画了一张狗的照片，并给它上色。

David carefully drew a graph of energy consumption versus time. 大卫精心绘制了能耗与时间的关系图。

大卫精心绘制了能耗与时间的关系图。Before computers and software came into use, engineers drew technical diagrams with pen and ink on special paper.

Would you like me to draw you a map of the route to the station? 您要我给您画一张去车站的路线图吗？

I/you/we/they/ draw, he/she/it/ draws.
/am/is/are/ drawing.
/all/ drew (note spelling, irregular verb).
/was/were/ drawing.
/shall/will/ draw.
/shall/will/ be drawing.


draw (v): To finish a game with the same number of points as the other person or team. 用与其他人或团队相同的分数完成游戏。

Examples: The Magpies and the Demons drew 72-72. 例子：喜pies和魔鬼吸引了72-72。

Melbourne City and Newcastle United drew 2-all. 墨尔本市和纽卡斯尔联队全场2场。


draw (v): To attract attention. 引起注意。

Examples: Magda Szubanski is an amazing comedian who always draws a crowd. 示例：Magda Szubanski是一位了不起的喜剧演员，总是吸引着一群人。

The Sydney Opera House draws millions of tourists each year. 悉尼歌剧院每年吸引数百万游客。

The auctioneer said "Ladies and gentlemen, may I draw your attention to this exquisite vase, item number 78 in the catalogue?" 拍卖师说：“女士们，先生们，我能否请您注意这个精美的花瓶，目录中的物品编号为78？”

Psst.. do up your fly before you draw attention to yourself! Psst ..在引起您的注意之前，先做好准备！


"to draw someone's eyes" = to attract someone's attention. “吸引别人的眼球” =引起别人的注意。

Example: When Alice entered the room, her eyes were immediately drawn to the handsome Accounts Clerk standing at the back, talking to another woman. 示例：当爱丽丝进入房间时，她的目光立即吸引到站在后面的英俊的帐目办事员，与另一个女人聊天。


"to draw a reaction" = To cause people to react in some way. “做出反应” =使人们以某种方式做出反应。

Example: Criticism of the Chief of Police drew an angry reaction from the Premier. 例子：警察局长的批评引起了总理的愤怒反应。


"to draw a comparison / to draw a distinction" = To show how things are similar, and how they are different. “进行比较/进行区分” =显示事物之间的相似性和差异性。

Examples: It's difficult to draw a comparison between the two political parties; their policies towards renewable energy are so different. 例子：很难在两个政党之间进行比较。 他们对可再生能源的政策是如此不同。

You need to draw a distinction between the meanings of "decent" and "descent". 您需要在“体面”和“血统”的含义之间进行区分。


"draw a conclusion" = to think about a situation and decide what is true or likely to happen. “得出结论” =考虑情况并决定什么是真实的或可能发生的事情。

Examples: There is so little evidence, it's unlikely that the Coroner will be able to draw a conclusion about the deaths. 例子：证据很少，死因裁判官不可能对死亡做出结论。

Fred carefully read all the news about the gold miner, and drew the conclusion that their share price would rise steeply. 弗雷德（Fred）仔细阅读了有关该金矿的所有新闻，并得出结论，他们的股价将急剧上涨。


"to draw a blank" = to be unable to remember something, or to find information about something. “画一个空白” =无法记住某件事或找不到某事的信息。

Examples: John searched the Internet for a supplier of a special transistor, but drew a blank. 例子：约翰在互联网上搜索了一种特殊晶体管的供应商，但留下了空白。

Frank thought hard about how he could repair the heater, but drew a blank. 弗兰克认真思考了如何修理加热器，但画了一个空白。


draw (v): To move in a certain direction. 向某个方向移动。

Examples: The taxi drew up at Yan's apartment. 例子：出租车在艳家的公寓里停了下来。

The other horses in the race almost drew level with Winx, but could not pass her. 比赛中的其他马匹几乎与Winx齐平，但无法超越她。


"to draw near" / "to draw close" = to become closer to something, in distance or time. “靠近” /“靠近” =在距离或时间上接近某物。

Examples: As Alice drew near to the Indian Supermarket, the scent of spices wafted on the breeze. 例如：当爱丽丝（Alice）靠近印度超市时，微风中飘散着香料的香味。

With his birthday drawing close, Muriel's grandson became very excited. 随着生日的临近，穆里尔的孙子变得非常兴奋。


"to draw to a close" / "to draw to an end" = to finish. “结束” /“结束” =完成。

Example: As the trial drew to a close, a sense of anticipation rippled around the courtroom. 例子：审判临近尾声，法庭周围传来一种期待感。


draw (v): To receive money regularly. 定期收钱。

Example: Australian residents may start to draw an Age Pension when they turn 66. 示例：澳大利亚居民在66岁时可能会开始领取养老金。


draw (v): To get money from a bank account. You can also say, "withdraw". 从银行帐户取钱。 您也可以说“提款”。

Example: John visited a hole in the wall to draw some money. 例子：约翰参观了墙壁上的一个洞以吸取一些钱。


draw (v): To randomly choose a number or card in a competition. 随机选择比赛中的号码或牌。

Example: At the Motorcycle Show, Fred drew ticket 3802 in a draw for a new motorbike. 示例：在摩托车展上，弗雷德开了一张3802的彩票，买了一辆新摩托车。


draw (v): To pull something in a particular direction. 向特定方向拉东西。

Examples: Sandra shivered in the cold, and drew the jacket of her new business suit a little tighter. 例子：桑德拉在寒冷中瑟瑟发抖，并把她的新西装外套拉得更紧。

In Parliament, the Premier drew the Treasurer to one side and spoke very quietly to him. 总理在议会中将司库拉到一边，并非常安静地对他讲话。


"to draw a line" = to set a limit on some behaviour. To refuse to do something. “画一条线” =限制某些行为。 拒绝做某事。

Example: Fred's girlfriend is happy to cook an occasional meal, but draws the line at doing his laundry as well. 例子：弗雷德的女友很乐意偶尔做一顿饭，但在洗衣服时也要划清界限。

The Police are happy to let people march and demonstrate, but draw the line at violence. 警察很乐意让人们游行示威，但在暴力面前划清界限。


draw (v): To pull together, or apart, something covering a window. 将东西拉到一起或分开，使覆盖窗户的东西。

Examples: As night fell, Ernie drew the blinds in the dining room and switched on the lights. 例子：夜幕降临时，厄尼拉起餐厅的百叶窗并打开电灯。

As the sun rose, Muriel drew apart the curtains in their bedroom. 太阳升起时，穆里尔将卧室的窗帘拉开。


draw (v): To take something out of a container. 从容器中取出东西。

Example: The police officer tried pepper spray on the angry man, and when that failed, he drew his gun from its holster. 示例：警官在愤怒的人身上尝试了胡椒喷雾，但失败后，他从枪皮上拔出了枪。


draw (v): To cause blood to come out of a body. 使血液从体内流出。

Examples: The nurse drew a small sample of blood for testing. 示例：护士抽取了少量血液进行测试。

The dog bit the child so hard, it drew blood. 狗用力地咬了孩子，它抽了血。


"to draw something out" = to bring out hidden information. “抽出一些东西” =抽出隐藏的信息。

Example: The Police interviewed the suspect and gradually drew out details of the robbery. 范例：警察采访了嫌疑人，并逐步提取了抢劫案的细节。


"to draw something out" = to keep some activity going for longer. “画出一些东西” =使某些活动持续更长的时间。

Examples: This court case has been very drawn-out. 例子：这个法院的案子已经很复杂了。

Nobody believed that the invasion of Iraq would result in such a drawn-out war. 没有人相信入侵伊拉克会导致这场旷日持久的战争。


draw (v): To breathe air or smoke into your lungs. 将空气或烟气吸入肺部。

Examples: Bert lit a cigarette and drew a satisfying first breath. 例子：伯特点了一支烟，吸了口气。

The boxer drew several deep breaths before the bell for round 1. 这位拳击手在第一轮钟声响起前深呼吸了一下。


"to draw your last breath" = to die. “吐出最后一口气” =死亡。

Example: Sandra sat holding her father's hand as he drew his last breath. 例子：桑德拉坐在最后一口气时握着父亲的手。


draw (v): To get some emotion or idea, etc. from something or someone. 从某人或某人那里得到一些情感或想法等。

Example: Sandra drew comfort from the fact that her Dad died peacefully. 例子：桑德拉（Sandra）从父亲过世的事实中获得安慰。



DREAM 梦想 / 梦 / 做梦

dream (n), dreams (pl): Imaginary events seen in your mind when you are sleeping. You might have a "good dream" or a "bad dream". 当您睡觉时，脑海中会出现想象中的事件。 您可能有一个“好梦”或“坏梦”。

Examples: Frank had a dream that he won the lottery. 例子：弗兰克梦见自己中了彩票。

Strong painkillers might give you amazing dreams. 强大的止痛药可能会给您带来惊人的梦想。

John had a lovely dream about Yan. 约翰对艳有一个可爱的梦。


dream (n): A wish. 一个心愿。

Examples: Fred often has a dream of changing jobs to double his salary. 弗雷德经常有一个梦想，就是换工作使自己的工资翻倍。

Winning the lottery would be a dream come true for Frank. 对于弗兰克来说，赢得彩票将是一个梦想成真。


"of your dreams" = the best that you can imagine. “梦想中的” =您可以想象的最好的。

Examples: When Fred saw the motorbike of his dreams, he didn't care how much it cost. 当弗雷德看到梦想中的摩托车时，他不在乎它要花多少钱。

The job of the young girl's dreams was to be an astronaut, and she achieved it, becoming a pilot of a Space Shuttle. 这个年轻女孩的梦想是成为一名宇航员，而她实现了这一梦想，成为了航天飞机的飞行员。


"to be living in a dream world" = to have unrealistic expectations. “生活在梦想世界中” =有不切实际的期望。

Example: Fred is living in a dream world, if he thinks he can easily double his salary. 示例：如果弗雷德（Fred）认为自己可以轻松将自己的薪水提高一倍，那么他生活在一个梦想中。


"beyond your wildest dreams" = unimaginably good. “超越您最疯狂的梦想” =不可思议的好。

Example: Becoming an astronaut was beyond the girl's wildest dreams. 例子：成为一名宇航员超出了女孩最疯狂的梦想。


"works like a dream" / "goes like a dream" = to function extremely well. “像梦一样工作” /“像梦想一样去做” =发挥得非常出色。

Examples: The fundraising entertainment and silent auction went like a dream. 示例：筹款活动和无声拍卖就像梦一样。

Alice's latest program works like a dream. 爱丽丝的最新程序像梦一样运作。


"a distant dream" = a hope for something to happen, that is a long way in the future. “遥远的梦想” =希望发生某种事情，这在未来还有很长的路要走。

Examples: Eliminating homelessness is a distant, perhaps impossible, dream. 例子：消除无家可归是一个遥远的，也许是不可能的梦想。

A fast rail line between Sydney and Melbourne remains a distant dream. 悉尼和墨尔本之间的快速铁路仍然是遥不可及的梦想。


"impossible dream" = a hope for something that will never happen. “不可能的梦想” =对永远不会发生的事情的希望。

Example: Eliminating homelessness may be an impossible dream. 示例：消除无家可归可能是一个不可能的梦想。


dream (adj): A perfect object, an ideal situation. 完美的对象，理想的情况。

Examples: The girl who became an astronaut said it was her dream job. 例子：成为宇航员的女孩说这是她的梦想工作。

Frank and Muriel are planning their dream holiday, a trip to Europe. 弗兰克（Frank）和穆里尔（Muriel）正在计划他们的梦想假期，一次欧洲之旅。


dream (v): To see imaginary events in your mind when you are sleeping. 睡觉时在脑海中看到想象中的事件。

Examples: Frank dreamt that he won the lottery. 示例：弗兰克梦见自己中了彩票。

John dreamed about Yan. 约翰梦见了艳 。

I/you/we/they/ dream, he/she/it/ dreams.
/am/is/are/ dreaming.
/all/ dreamed or dreamt (note spelling, irregular verb).
/was/were/ dreaming.
/shall/will/ dream.
/shall/will/ be dreaming.


dream (v): To imagine that you have heard or done something, when you have not. 想像一下您没有听到或做过什么。

Example: Frank said "I was sure I bought more of this paint last week; I must have been dreaming." 例子：弗兰克说：“我确定上周我买了更多这种油漆；我一定在做梦。”


dream (v): To imagine a wish. 想像一个愿望。

Examples: The young girl dreamed of being an astronaut. 例子：小女孩梦想成为一名宇航员。

Fred dreams often of changing jobs to double his salary. 弗雷德经常梦想换工作，使自己的薪水加倍。


"wouldn't dream of doing something" = would never consider doing this thing. “不会梦想做某事” =永远不会考虑做这件事。

Example: Alice would never dream of reading someone else's emails without their permission. 例子：爱丽丝绝不会梦见未经他人许可而阅读别人的电子邮件。


"to dream something up" = to think of some plan, invention or idea. “梦想成真” =想一些计划，发明或想法。

Example: I'm not sure exactly how to solve this problem, but I'll dream something up. 例子：我不确定如何解决这个问题，但是我会做梦。


"dream on!" [SL:] = what you are expecting to happen is very unlikely. “做梦吧！” [SL：] =不可能发生的事情。

Example: "I'd like to lose 5 kilos" said Ernie. "Dream on!" replied Bert. 示例：“我想减掉5公斤”，厄尼说。 “做梦吧！” 伯特回答。



DRESS 连衣裙 / 穿着 / 服装 / 衣 / 修整

dress (n), dresses (pl): A piece of clothing, usually for women or girls, which covers the upper part of the body, and some or all of the lower part. 一件衣服，通常用于妇女或女孩，覆盖身体的上部，部分或全部下部。

Examples: Betty has a favourite dark blue ankle-length dress. 示例：贝蒂（Betty）有最喜欢的深蓝色脚踝长连衣裙。

Sandra does not own many dresses, preferring to wear jeans or suits. 桑德拉（Sandra）没有很多衣服，喜欢穿牛仔裤或西服。

The new receptionist wore a dress so short it showed part of her buttocks. 新来的接待员穿的裙子很短，露出她的臀部的一部分。

The bride's wedding dress had a long train. 新娘的婚纱很长。


dress (n, uncountable): Clothes of a particular type, or a particular ethnic group. 特定类型或特定种族的衣服。

Examples: For the ceremony, men are expected to wear white dress shirts. 示例：参加仪式的男子应身穿白色礼服衬衫。

Dancers in traditional dress performed on Australia Day. 身穿传统服装的舞者在澳大利亚国庆日演出。

The parade of 1000 men and women, in military dress, was most impressive. 千人穿着军装的游行队伍给人留下了深刻的印象。


"dress code" = rules stating how you should dress. “着装要求” =说明您的着装要求的规则。

Example: The dress code for the dance tonight is "smart casual". 示例：今晚舞蹈的着装要求是“休闲”。


"dress rehearsal" = a practice session at a theatre etc, where all performers are in costume. “排练” =在剧院等所有表演者都穿着服装的练习课。

Example: The public are invited to the final dress rehearsal of this opera. 示例：邀请公众参加该歌剧的最后装扮彩排。


"dress sense" = the ability to choose clothes that let you "cut a fine figure". “着装感” =选择能够让您“剪裁出身材”的衣服的能力。

Example: She may not be a tall woman, but she has very good dress sense. 例子：她可能不是个高个子女人，但是她的穿着感很好。


dress (v): To put clothes on yourself or someone else. 给自己或别人穿衣服。

Examples: Muriel likes to take her time dressing, now that she no longer works. 示例：穆里尔（Muriel）喜欢不再穿衣服，现在她喜欢花些时间穿衣服。

Last week we had a power cut and had to dress in the dark. 上周，我们断电，不得不在黑暗中穿着。

Dressing kids can be a time-consuming activity! 为孩子们穿衣服可能是一项耗时的活动！

I/you/we/they/ dress, he/she/it/ dresses (note spelling, extra -E).
/am/is/are/ dressing.
/all/ dressed.
/was/were/ dressing.
/shall/will/ dress.
/shall/will/ be dressing.


dress (v): To wear a particular type of clothing. 穿特殊类型的衣服。

Example: This company requires its male employees to dress in a suit and tie. 示例：该公司要求其男性雇员穿西装打领带。


"to dress down" = to wear clothes that are less formal (= more casual) that you normally would. “穿上衣服” =穿通常不那么正式的衣服。

Example: Alice's employer allows staff to dress down on Wednesdays. 示例：爱丽丝的雇主允许员工在星期三穿衣服。


"to dress down" = to give somebody a scolding (= to angrily shout at them for doing something wrong). “打扮” =责骂某人（=为做错事而生气地向他们大喊）。

Example: Alice's entire team received a dressing down from the Boss when their project ran over time and over budget. 示例：当他们的项目随着时间推移和预算超出预算时，爱丽丝的整个团队都受到老板的整顿。


"to dress for dinner" = to put on formal clothes for a meal - in other words, no jeans or T-shirts or thongs. “吃饭时穿衣服” =穿上正装就餐-换句话说，没有牛仔裤，T恤或皮带。

Example: On the cruise ship, passengers were expected to dress for dinner at the best restaurant, the one with the "Captain's Table" (= where the Captain eats dinner with a few invited passengers). 示例：在游轮上，预计旅客将在最好的餐厅（有“船长的餐桌”（=船长与一些受邀乘客一起吃晚餐的餐厅））上穿晚礼服。


"to dress up" = to put on clothes that are more formal than those you normally wear. “打扮” =穿比平时更正式的衣服。

Example: People taking part in Australian Citizenship ceremonies are respectfully asked to dress up. 例子：参加澳大利亚公民仪式的人们被要求打扮。


"to dress up" = to wear a costume. “打扮” =穿着服装。

Example: Unlike most young girls, Muriel's granddaughter doesn't enjoy dressing up. 示例：与大多数年轻女孩不同，穆里尔的孙女不喜欢打扮。


dress (v): To add a liquid, which is often a mixture of oil and vinegar, to a salad or other food, for extra flavour. 在沙拉或其他食物中添加通常是油和醋的混合物的液体，以增加风味。

Example: Muriel dressed the grilled salmon with chopped walnuts and olive oil. 例如：穆里尔（Muriel）用切碎的核桃和橄榄油给烤三文鱼穿上衣服。


dress (v): To prepare food for cooking, especially by seasoning it (= adding salt, pepper or spices). 准备烹饪用的食物，特别是通过调味（=加入盐，胡椒粉或香料）。

Example: Betty dressed the leg of lamb with slivers of garlic and rosemary. 例子：贝蒂用大蒜和迷迭香条给羊腿穿上衣服。


dress (v): To prepare the surface of an object. 准备物体的表面。

Example: The carpenter dressed the wooden beam using an electric sander. 示例：木匠使用电动砂光机对木梁进行装饰。


dress (v): To treat an injury by cleaning and covering it. 通过清洁和遮盖伤口来治疗伤口。

Example: At the hospital, a doctor dressed and sutured (= sewed closed) the deep cut, and gave the patient an anti-tetanus injection. 示例：在医院，医生对深切的伤口进行缝合和缝合（=缝合闭合），然后给患者注射抗破伤风疫苗。


dress (v): To decorate a shop window, often to celebrate a festival. 装饰橱窗，通常是为了庆祝节日。

Example: In cities around the world, staff dress their store's windows for Christmas. 示例：在世界各地的城市中，员工会为圣诞节装饰商店橱窗。


dress (v): To arrange in a line, especially a line of people in the Armed Forces (= Army, Navy and Air Force). 排成一列，尤其是武装部队（=陆军，海军和空军）中的一排人。

Example: "Right dress!" shouted the sergeant to the platoon of soldiers. 例如：“正装！” 中士向士兵排喊。



DRILL 钻头 / 演练 / 演习 / 训练 / 练习

drill (n), drills (pl): A tool that makes holes. 打孔的工具。

Examples: Frank uses a small electric drill for most drilling work, and a larger percussion drill for drilling concrete. 示例：Frank在大多数钻孔工作中使用小型电钻，而在混凝土钻孔中使用较大的冲击钻。

Modern dentists' drills operate much more quickly and cleanly than drills of 50 years ago. 现代牙医的钻头比50年前的钻头操作更快，更清洁。


"drill bit" (n) = a sharpened part of a drill, that actually cuts the hole, and can be bought in a range of sizes. “钻头”=钻头的锋利部分，实际上切出了孔，可以购买各种尺寸的钻头。

Example: John owns drill bits ranging in diameter from 0.7 mm to 25 mm. 示例：John拥有直径在0.7毫米至25毫米之间的钻头。


"drill press" (n) = a large drill with a platform for the object being drilled, helping you to accurately drill with force. “钻床”=大型钻机，带有一个用于钻探物体的平台，可帮助您准确地用力进行钻削。

Example: John carefully set up his drill press for drilling five equally-spaced 3mm holes. 示例：John精心设置了钻床，用于钻五个等距的3mm孔。


drill (n): An activity that helps you to practise a particular skill. 练习：一项有助于您练习特定技能的活动。

Examples: Every Thursday, the class starts school with a spelling drill. 示例：每个星期四，班级都以拼写训练开始上学。

At our factory, we have a fire drill on the first Monday of every month. 在我们的工厂，我们每个月的第一个星期一进行一次消防演习。


"what's the drill for" = how do we do this activity? “演习的目的” =我们如何开展这项活动？

Example: "What's the drill for booking parts out of the Storeroom?" the new employee asked Fred. 示例：“在仓库外预订零件有什么用？” 新员工问弗雷德。


drill (v): To make a hole in something using a drill. 钻：使用钻在某物上打孔。

Examples: Frank carefully drilled two holes in the wall, for hanging a hose reel. 示例：Frank仔细地在墙上钻了两个孔，用于悬挂软管卷盘。

The Government is expected to approve drilling for gas near Narrabri in NSW. 预计政府将批准新南威尔士州纳拉布里附近的天然气钻探。

Bert's dentist drilled a hole in one of his molars (= large back teeth) and filled it. 伯特的牙医在他的一颗臼齿（=大后牙）上钻了一个洞，并填满了它。

I/you/we/they/ drill, he/she/it/ drills.
/am/is/are/ drilling.
/all/ drilled.
/was/were/ drilling.
/shall/will/ drill.
/shall/will/ be drilling.


drill (v): To practise something. 练习：练习一些东西。

Examples: Every Thursday, our school class used to be drilled on spelling.

例子：每个星期四，我们学校的班级以前都会进行拼写训练。

At our factory, we're drilled in fire emergency procedures on the first Monday of every month. 在我们的工厂，我们每个月的第一个星期一都会执行消防应急程序。


"to drill something into someone" = to make sure someone learns a skill, by drilling them. “向某人钻某东西” =通过钻某人来确保某人学习技能。

Example: At school, good spelling was drilled into all of us. 示例：在学校里，我们所有人都掌握了良好的拼写能力。


"to drill down" = to study something in detail, moving from one layer of information to the next. “向下钻取” =详细研究某些内容，从一层信息转移到下一层信息。

Example: We'll use a computer to drill down through this sales data, and gain valuable information to guide us in future. 示例：我们将使用计算机向下钻取这些销售数据，并获取有价值的信息以在将来为我们提供指导。



DRIVE 传动 / 驾车 / 驱动 / 驾驶 / 带动

drive (n), drives (pl): A journey by car. 开车旅行。

Examples: Would you like to go for a drive to Geelong tomorrow? 例子：你想明天去吉朗开车吗？

It's a long drive from Melbourne to Brisbane, about 1900 km. 从墨尔本到布里斯班大约1900公里，车程很长。


drive (n): Part of the names of some roads. 部分道路名称的一部分。

Example: In Melbourne, most roads are called "avenue" (abbrev: Av), "road" (Rd) or "street" (St), but there are hundreds of "drives" (Dr) such as Riverside Dr, Amberley Dr, Colchester Dr, Lakes Dr and so on. 示例：在墨尔本，大多数道路被称为“大道”（简称：Av），“道路”（Rd）或“街道”（St），但是有数百个“驱动器”（Dr），例如Riverside Dr，Amberley Dr ，科尔切斯特博士，莱克斯博士等。


drive (also called a driveway) (n): A short private road connecting a public road to a house. 驱动器（也称为车道）：将公共道路连接到房屋的短私人道路。

Example: Frank parked his car in the drive. 示例：弗兰克将汽车停在驱动器中。


drive (n): The energy and determination to succeed. 成功的能量和决心。

Examples: Our business needs a CEO with drive and ambition. 例子：我们的业务需要一位有干劲和野心的首席执行官。

To be successful, you must have drive and determination. 要取得成功，您必须有动力和决心。


"sex drive" = the determination to reproduce. “性驱动器” =复制的决心。

Example: It annoys many men that their sex drive reduces as they age, but it does at least reduce unwanted pregnancies. 例子：这使许多男人生气，他们的性欲随着年龄的增长而降低，但这至少可以减少不必要的怀孕。


drive (n): A deliberate effort to achieve something. 为达成目标而刻意努力。

Examples: After the Global Financial Crisis of 2008, many countries undertook austerity drives (= to achieve lower Government spending). 示例：在2008年全球金融危机之后，许多国家进行了紧缩政策（即降低政府支出）。

Australian police forces are having a recruitment drive, to increase their ethnic diversity. 澳大利亚警察部队正在招募人员，以增加其种族多样性。


drive (n): A part of a computer or other device that stores information. This can be a "hard drive", a "DVD drive" or a "flash drive". 存储信息的计算机或其他设备的一部分。 这可以是“硬盘驱动器”，“ DVD驱动器”或“闪存驱动器”。

Example: John recently replaced the hard drives on two computers with high-capacity flash drives. 示例：John最近用大容量闪存驱动器替换了两台计算机上的硬盘驱动器。


drive (n): A forced movement of people or animals from one place to another. 强迫人或动物从一个地方移动到另一个地方。

Example: The Canning Stock Route in the Australian outback is the location of annual cattle drives to find better grazing. 示例：澳大利亚内陆的Canning Stock Route是每年养牛的地点，以寻找更好的放牧场所。


"four-wheel drive" (adj) = a vehicle design in which power is sent to all four wheels. Compare this with "two-wheel drive', when power is sent to just the two front or the two rear wheels. “四轮驱动”=一种车辆设计，其中动力被传递到所有四个车轮。 当仅向两个前轮或两个后轮供电时，将其与“双轮驱动”进行比较。

Example: Four-wheel drive (abbreviation: 4WD) vehicles are essential in remote Australia, where roads may be just sand or dirt. 示例：四轮驱动（缩写：4WD）车辆在偏远的澳大利亚至关重要，那里的道路可能只是沙子或泥土。


"left-hand drive" (adj) = a vehicle in which the driver sits in the left front seat. Compare "right-hand drive" which is the case in Australia, New Zealand, India and other countries that were part of the "British Empire". “左手驾驶”=驾驶员坐在左前座中的车辆。 比较“右手行驶”，在澳大利亚，新西兰，印度和其他属于“大英帝国”的国家中就是这种情况。

Example: For visitors to Australia, getting used to right-hand drive vehicles can take some effort. 示例：对于来澳大利亚的游客来说，习惯右手驾驶的车辆可能需要一些努力。


drive (n): In golf, cricket and some other sports, a powerful hit that sends the ball a long distance. 在高尔夫，板球和其他一些运动中，强大的击球感使球距离很远。

Example: The champion golfer Sammy Snead was known as "Slamming Sammy" because he hit such long drives. 示例：冠军高尔夫球手Sammy Snead被称为“ Slamming Sammy”，因为他打了这么长的路。


"a test drive" = a drive in a vehicle you are thinking of buying or renting, to see how it performs. “测试驱动器” =您正在考虑购买或租用的车辆驱动器，以查看其性能。

Example: Before buying her new car, Alice took it for a long test drive. 示例：在购买新车之前，爱丽丝进行了长时间的试驾。


"a drive-in" / "a drive-through" = a place such as an outdoor cinema or restaurant where patrons (= people using the facility) stay in their vehicles. “驾车驶入” /“驾车驶入” =诸如户外电影院或餐厅之类的顾客（=使用设施的人）停留在其车辆中的地方。

Example: Fred was very hungry at lunch-time, and stopped at a drive-through fast food restaurant. 例子：弗雷德在午餐时间非常饿，于是停在一家直通快餐店。


drive (v): To travel on land in a motor vehicle, as a passenger or a "driver" (= the person in control). 乘驾以乘客或“驾驶员”（=控制人员）的身份在机动车辆上陆地旅行。

Examples: Would you like me to drive you to Geelong tomorrow (= take you there in my car)? 例子：你想我明天开车送你去吉朗（=带你去我的车里）吗？

John regularly drives on business from Melbourne to Brisbane, about 1900 km. 约翰经常从墨尔本到布里斯班（约1900公里）出差。

Shall we take the tram, or do you prefer to drive? 我们应该坐电车，还是您喜欢开车？

Muriel drove her grand-children to the nearest swimming pool. 穆里尔（Muriel）带她的孙子们去了最近的游泳池。

We drove our 4WD along a rutted bush track. 我们沿着一条破旧的丛林小径驾驶我们的四驱车。

Ernie was caught on camera driving through a red light. 厄尼（Ernie）被照相机挡住了红灯。

I/you/we/they/ drive, he/she/it/ drives.
/am/is/are/ driving (note spelling, no -E).
/all/ drove (note spelling, irregular verb).
/was/were/ driving.
/shall/will/ drive.
/shall/will/ be driving.


"driving under the influence" (abbreviation: DUI) = the crime of operating a motor vehicle with too much alcohol in your blood. “在影响下驾驶”（简称：DUI）=驾驶血液中含有过多酒精的机动车辆犯罪。

Example: Police roadside breath testing teams randomly test motorists and charge about 1 percent with DUI. 示例：警察路边呼气测试团队对驾驶员进行随机测试，并向DUI收取大约1％的费用。


drive (v): To force people or animals to move from one place to another. 迫使人或动物从一个地方移动到另一个地方。

Examples: The Coalition armies drove the terrorists from Iraq. 例子：联军将恐怖分子赶出伊拉克。

Four years of domestic violence drove the woman to leave her husband. 四年的家庭暴力迫使该妇女离开丈夫。

The graziers used horses to drive the cattle along the stock route. 放牧者使用马来驱动牲畜沿着畜牧路线行驶。


drive (v): To force some object into a different place. 迫使某些物体进入另一个地方。

Examples: Camping with his grand-children, Frank drove the tent pegs hard into the ground. 示例：弗兰克（Frank）和他的孙子一起露营，将帐篷的钉子强行驶入地下。

The quarry workers drove wooden wedges into rocks to crack them. 采石场的工作人员将木楔打入岩石中以使其破裂。


drive (v): To force someone or something into a particular state. 强迫某人或某物进入特定状态。

Examples: Pessimism drove the Stock Market to a new low yesterday. 例子：悲观情绪使股市昨天跌至新低。

The company wants to drive sales and profits higher through takeovers (= buying other companies). 该公司希望通过收购（=收购其他公司）来提高销售和利润。

Optimism drove the Stock Market to a new high yesterday. 乐观情绪推动股市昨日再创新高。

The pandemic will drive most countries into recession. 大流行将驱使大多数国家陷入衰退。


"to drive a hard bargain" = to work hard to get an agreement that benefits you. “努力讨价还价” =努力工作以达成使您受益的协议。

Example: This software is so popular, its supplier drives a hard bargain, so you're unlikely to get a discount! 示例：该软件非常受欢迎，其供应商讨价还价，因此您不太可能获得折扣！


"to drive someone crazy" / "to drive someone mad" [SL:] = to make someone extremely annoyed. “使某人发疯” /“使某人发疯” [SL：] =使某人非常恼火。

Examples: Fred's regular lateness for work drives his boss crazy. 例子：弗雷德定期上班迟到使他的老板发疯。

Ernie's boozing (= drinking alcohol) with his mate Bert drives his wife mad. Ernie和他的伴侣Bert酗酒（=饮酒）使他的妻子发疯。


"to drive someone to drink" [SL:] = same as "to drive someone crazy." “开车去喝酒” [SL：] =等同于“开车去喝酒”。

"to drive someone bonkers" [SL:] = same as "to drive someone crazy." “使某人疯狂” [SL：] =与“使某人疯狂”相同。

"to drive someone up the wall" [SL:] = same as "to drive someone crazy." “将某人撞墙” [SL：] =与“使某人发疯”相同。


"to drive someone wild" [SL:] = to make someone very excited, especially sexually. “使某人疯狂” [SL：] =使某人非常兴奋，特别是在性方面。

Example: John's kissing and stroking drives Yan wild. 例如：约翰的亲吻和抚摸使艳疯狂。


"to drive a message home" / "to drive a point home" = to forcefully emphasise a point of view. “发表信息的家园” /“表达观点的家园” =强制强调观点。

Example: The education campaign uses gruesome pictures to drive home the message that smoking is bad for you. 示例：教育运动使用令人毛骨悚然的照片将吸烟对您有害的信息带回家。


drive (v): To cause a machine to work. 使机器工作。

Examples: In a 4WD vehicle, the engine drives all four wheels. 示例：在四轮驱动车辆中，发动机驱动所有四个车轮。

Strong winds on the southern coast of Australia drive turbines to produce electricity. 澳大利亚南部海岸的强风驱使涡轮机发电。


drive (v): To hit a ball hard so that it travels a long way. 用力击球，以使球行进很长的路。

Examples: Slamming Sammy could drive a ball over 300 yards (about 300 m). 示例：猛击Sammy可以将球打出300码（约300 m）。

The cricketer drove the ball firmly to mid-wicket. 板球运动员将球稳固地推向中门。


"to be in the driving seat" = to have control or influence. “坐在驾驶座上” =控制或影响。

Example: When her boss is on holiday, Betty enjoys being in the driver's seat. 示例：当老板度假时，贝蒂喜欢坐在驾驶员座位上。



DUMP 垃圾 / 悲伤 / 悲 / 倾倒 / 倾销 / 抛弃

dump (n), dumps (pl): A place for people to get rid of their rubbish. Also called "rubbish dump" or "garbage dump". 人们摆脱垃圾的地方。 也称为“垃圾场”或“垃圾场”。

Example: Our local dump has an excellent recycling facility. 示例：我们当地的垃圾场拥有出色的回收设施。


dump (n): A place where things of a certain type are stored. Examples are "an ammunition dump" / "a fuel dump" / "a food dump". 存放某种类型的东西的地方。 例如“弹药堆” /“燃料堆” /“食物堆”。

Example: The community are campaigning to get a fuel dump moved away from their town. 示例：社区正在开展运动，以使燃料加油站远离城镇。


dump (n): An unattractive place. 一个没有吸引力的地方。

Example: Our apartment is a bit of a dump, but the rent is low! 例子：我们的公寓有点垃圾，但是租金很低！


dump (n): An act of moving information from a computer's memory to another device. 将信息从计算机的内存移动到另一台设备的行为。

Example: Following the software crash, we started a dump to a flash drive. 示例：软件崩溃后，我们开始了到闪存驱动器的转储。


"(down) in the dumps" = in a depressed mental state. “（在垃圾场中）” =处于沮丧的精神状态。

Example: Fred has been down in the dumps after splitting up with his girlfriend. 范例：弗雷德（Fred）与女友分手后一直倒在垃圾场。


"to take a dump" [SL:] = to defecate. “排泄物” [SL：] =排便。

Example: "Look after my drink." said Bert to Ernie, "I need to take a dump". 例如：“照看我的酒。” 伯特对厄尼说：“我需要倒垃圾”。


dump (v): To put something down without care. 不加照顾地放下东西。

Examples: Too much of our plastic packaging is dumped in landfill because it's not recyclable. 示例：我们太多的塑料包装因为无法回收而被倒入垃圾填埋场。

Fred lifted the bucket of sand and dumped it on the table. 弗雷德举起一桶沙子，倒在桌上。

I/you/we/they/ dump, he/she/it/ dumps.
/am/is/are/ dumping.
/all/ dumped.
/was/were/ dumping.
/shall/will/ dump.
/shall/will/ be dumping.


dump (v): To get rid of something you don't want, perhaps leaving it in an illegal place. 为了摆脱不想要的东西，可能将其放在非法的地方。

Examples: Many ships dump their rubbish at sea. 例子：许多船在海上倾倒垃圾。

The millionaire killed his wife and dumped her body in scrub far from their house. 百万富翁杀死了他的妻子，并把她的尸体抛弃在离他们家不远的地方。

You often see old cars dumped in this decaying part of the city. 您经常会看到旧车丢在这座城市的腐烂地区。

The Government brought in a "death" tax, but it was so unpopular they decided to dump it. 政府征收了一个“死亡”税，但是这种税收实在不受欢迎，他们决定放弃它。

A bike-rental company had its cycles, which were not popular to ride, dumped all over Melbourne. 一家自行车租赁公司将其不受欢迎的骑行自行车扔遍了墨尔本。


dump (v): To suddenly end a romantic relationship. 突然结束一段恋爱关系。

Example: Fred became depressed after his girlfriend dumped him. 例子：弗雷德在女友抛弃他后变得沮丧。


dump (v): To sell unwanted goods to another country so cheaply, possibly at less than your cost price, that country's manufacturers cannot compete. 以如此便宜的价格（可能低于您的成本价格）将不需要的商品卖给另一个国家，那个国家的制造商无法竞争。

Example: China accused Australia of dumping wine in their market. 例子：中国指责澳大利亚向其市场倾销葡萄酒。


dump (v): To sell unwanted goods or assets. 出售不需要的商品或资产。

Example: The investor wanted to get out of fossil fuels, and dumped all her oil shares, making a small loss. 例子：投资者想摆脱化石燃料，抛弃了她所有的石油股份，损失很小。


dump (v): In computing, to move information from a computer's memory to another device. 在计算中，将信息从计算机的内存移动到另一台设备。

Example: Following the software crash, we dumped the information in RAM (= Random Access Memory, a computer's working memory) onto a flash drive. 示例：软件崩溃后，我们将信息存储在RAM（=随机访问内存，计算机的工作内存）中到闪存驱动器上。



DUST 灰尘 / 尘 / 粉尘 / 掸 / 拂拭

dust (n): Very fine dry pieces of dirt. 非常细的干污物。

Examples: On some regional dirt roads, you may see the sign "Drive slowly, dust hazard". 示例：在某些地区的土路上，您可能会看到“缓慢行驶，有粉尘危害”的标志。

Some objects on the top shelves of John's workshop are covered in dust. 约翰讲习班的顶层架子上的一些物品被灰尘覆盖。

You can see her car coming along the road kilometres away, from the cloud of dust it produces. 您会看到她的汽车从它产生的尘埃云沿数公里的道路驶来。


"to turn to dust" = to fall apart or decay. “变成尘土” =崩溃或衰败。

Example: The oil driller's dreams turned to dust when the price of oil crashed. 示例：当石油价格暴跌时，石油钻探者的梦想变成了尘土。


"a dust mite" = a very tiny animal that lives on dust and flakes of human skin. “尘螨” =一种非常小的动物，生活在人类皮肤的尘土和薄片上。

Example: Scientists believe that the average bed has 2 million dust mites in it. Your moist, warm bed is a dust mite paradise! 示例：科学家认为，平均床铺中有200万尘螨。 您潮湿，温暖的床上是尘螨的天堂！


"a dust jacket" = a paper wrapping that protects a book from dust and dirt. “防尘套” =用来保护书本免受灰尘和污垢侵害的纸包装材料。

Example: The best-selling author likes brightly-coloured dust covers on his novels. 例子：最畅销的作家喜欢小说中色彩鲜艳的防尘罩。


"when the dust settles" = when things return to normal after some exciting activity. “尘埃落定时” =经过一些激动人心的活动后事物恢复正常的状态。

Example: When the dust settled after the Election, it became obvious that rural electorates had decided the result. 例子：大选后尘埃落定，显然是由农村选民决定了结果。


"to leave somebody in your dust" = to be much better than someone. “让某人尘土飞扬” =比某人好得多。

Example: The winning soccer team left all others in their dust. 示例：获胜的足球队将所有其他人遗忘。


"a dust bowl" = part of a country that suffers from extreme drought. “集尘碗” =遭受极端干旱的国家的一部分。

Example: Parts of outback NSW and QLD are a dust bowl. 示例：新南威尔士州内陆地区和昆士兰州内陆地区的一部分是一个集尘碗。


"a dust devil" (SL: willi-willi) = a disturbance in the air, like a small cyclone, that whirls around dust and small objects. “尘埃魔鬼”（SL：willi-willi）=空气中的扰动，就像一个小型旋风，在尘埃和小物体周围旋转。

Example: Dust devils are common in hot, dry areas of Australia. 示例：尘鬼在澳大利亚炎热干燥的地区很常见。


dust (v): To use a brush or cloth to remove dust from a surface. 用刷子或布去除表面的灰尘。

Example: Betty lives in a dusty house, and has to dust every few days. 例子：贝蒂住在尘土飞扬的房子里，每隔几天就要除尘一次。 I/you/we/they/ dust, he/she/it/ dusts.
/am/is/are/ dusting.
/all/ dusted.
/was/were/ dusting.
/shall/will/ dust.
/shall/will/ be dusting.


dust (v): To cover something with a light powder. 用轻粉覆盖东西。

Example: "Turkish Delight" = a sticky sweet, often containing hazelnuts or pistachios, flavoured with rosewater and dusted with icing sugar. 例如：“土耳其软糖” =一种粘稠的糖果，通常包含榛子或开心果，并用玫瑰水调味并撒上糖粉。


"to be done and dusted" = to be over, settled, final. “要做和撒粉” =结束，解决，最后。

Example: The miner's export deal with China is done and dusted. 示例：矿工与中国的出口交易已完成并被除尘。


"to dust off something" = to start using an object, or some skill or knowledge, again. “除尘” =重新开始使用某种物体或某种技能或知识。

Examples: Alice had to dust off her knowledge of binary arithmetic before giving her presentation. 示例：在发表演讲之前，爱丽丝必须弄清她对二进制算术的了解。

Frank dusted off his old electric saw and started cutting timber to make a wardrobe. 弗兰克（Frank）擦掉了他的旧电锯，开始砍柴制造衣柜。


dusty (adj): Covered with dust. 布满灰尘。

Example: Piles of dusty books lay on the shelves. 示例：书架上堆满了尘土飞扬的书。



DYE 染料 / 染

dye (n), dyes (pl): A liquid used to change the colour of objects, usually fabrics. 用于改变物体颜色的液体，通常是织物。

Example: In the factory, a large roll of cotton was being fed into a tank of dye. 示例：在工厂中，一大卷棉被送入一个染缸中。


dye (v): To change the colour of something using a liquid. 用液体改变某物的颜色。

Examples: It is possible to dye some metals by etching their surfaces before putting them in the dye bath. 示例：在将某些金属放入染浴之前，可以通过蚀刻它们的表面来对它们进行染色。

Alice had two of her out-of-date T-shirts dyed black. 爱丽丝的两件过时的T恤都染成了黑色。

The middle-aged man dyed his hair brown, to hide some grey hairs. 中年男子把头发染成棕色，以掩盖一些白发。

I/you/we/they/ dye, he/she/it/ dyes.
/am/is/are/ dyeing.
/all/ dyed.
/was/were/ dyeing.
/shall/will/ dye.
/shall/will/ be dyeing.


Note the different spelling from the word "die" which you learned earlier in this lesson. 请注意与您在本课程前面学到的“ die”一词不同的拼写。

The continuous tense is: /am/is/are/ dyeing, compared with "dying". 连续时态是：/ am / is / are /染色，与“ dying”相比。

The perfect tense is: /all/ dyed, compared with "died". 完美的时态是：/ all /染色，与“死”相比。


"dyed-in-the-wool" = having an opinion or attitude that is very difficult to change. “染成羊毛” =意见或态度很难改变。

Example: Frank and Muriel are dyed-in-the-wool Collingwood supporters. 示例：Frank和Muriel是染羊毛的Collingwood支持者。


"to tie-dye" = to create patterns in fabric by tightly tying parts together so that the dye does not reach them. “扎染” =通过将零件紧密地绑在一起，从而使染料不会到达它们，从而在织物中创建图案。

Example: On holiday in Bali, a friend of Sandra's bought some beautiful tie-dyed dresses. 示例：在巴厘岛度假时，桑德拉（Sandra）的一个朋友买了一些漂亮的扎染连衣裙。


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