课117：在澳大利亚开车

Lesson 117: Driving in Australia

A national set of Road Rules is the basis for the Road Rules in each State. 一套国家的《道路规则》是每个州《道路规则》的基础。 There are minor differences between states. The information below applies to VIC. 各州之间存在细微差异。 以下信息适用于VIC。 Only basic information is given here. You can browse the complete set of Road Rules on the Internet at www.vicroads.vic.gov.au. 此处仅提供基本信息。 您可以在Internet上（www.vicroads.vic.gov.au）浏览完整的《道路规则》。

LICENCE 执照

If you plan to stay in VIC for 6 months or more, you must convert your overseas Driver's Licence or Permit to a Victorian Licence. 如果您打算在VIC停留6个月或更长时间，则必须将海外的驾驶执照或许可证转换为维多利亚式执照。 See www.vicroads.vic.gov.au for information. 有关信息，请参见www.vicroads.vic.gov.au。 The written test is available in Mandarin.笔试有普通话版本。

WHICH SIDE of the ROAD? 路的哪一侧？

Australia, as a British colony, adopted the British method of driving on the left-hand side of the road. 澳大利亚作为英国殖民地，采用了英国在道路左侧行驶的方法。 In all cars, except for some foreign imports, the driver sits on the right. 在所有汽车中，除了一些外国进口车，驾驶员都坐在右边。 This is opposite to most of the World. 这与世界上大多数国家相反。 Therefore drivers visiting Australia who usually drive on the right need to concentrate all the time, because in an emergency they tend to swerve to the right. 因此，通常在右侧行驶的来澳大利亚旅行的驾驶员需要始终保持专注，因为在紧急情况下，他们倾向于向右侧偏斜。 It's a good idea to make a sign warning "DRIVE ON THE LEFT" and tape it to the dashboard or windscreen. 最好制作一个警告标志“向左行驶”，然后将其粘贴到仪表板或挡风玻璃上。 It's also a good idea if your passenger reminds you each time you want to turn left or right. 如果您的乘客每次想左转或右转时都提醒您，这也是一个好主意。 Visiting pedestrians must concentrate too, because when they step onto a road they tend to look left first and get hit by traffic to their right. 来访的行人也必须集中精神，因为当他们踏上道路时，他们往往会先向左看，并受到向右行驶的交通的打击。 In Australia, look right-left-right before stepping onto a road. 在澳大利亚，在踏上道路之前，先左右后左右。 The arrangement of pedals in vehicles is universal World-wide: clutch (if the vehicle is a "manual") is on the left, brake is in the middle, accelerator is on the right. 车辆中踏板的布置在世界范围内都是通用的：离合器（如果是“手动”车辆）在左侧，制动器在中间，加速器在右侧。

THE NUMBER 1 RULE! 第一规则！

Do not drive in a way that forces other drivers to change their speed or direction. 请勿以强迫其他驾驶员改变速度或方向的方式行驶。 In other words, leave plenty of room to other drivers, and look carefully then signal at least 2 flashes before you turn or change lanes. 换句话说，请留出足够的空间给其他驾驶员，并仔细看一下，然后在转弯或改变车道之前发出至少2次闪烁的信号。

KEEPING to the LEFT 保持在左边

On a road with two lanes (= it has a central dividing line), keep to the left of the dividing line, without hitting the kerb or running off the road. 在有两条车道的道路上（=它有一条中央分界线），请保持在分界线的左侧，不要撞到路缘或跑出道路。 On a road with more than two lanes to the left of the central dividing line, if the speed limit exceeds 80 km/hr, drive in the left-hand lane unless you are about to turn right, or you are overtaking. 在中央分隔线左侧有两个以上车道的道路上，如果速度限制超过80公里/小时，请在左侧车道上行驶，除非您要右转或超车。 If the speed limit is 80 km/hr or less you may drive in any lane. 如果速度限制为80 km / hr或更低，则您可以在任何车道上行驶。

OVERTAKING 超车

You must have a clear view of oncoming traffic before you overtake. 在超车之前，您必须清楚地了解即将到来的流量。 You must be able to finish overtaking before oncoming traffic gets close. 您必须能够完成超车，然后才能迎面驶来。 Do not overtake on the left of a vehicle signalling a left turn, or on the right of a vehicle signalling a right turn. 不要在指示左转弯的车辆左侧或在指示右转弯的车辆右侧超车。

SIGNS 招牌

NO PARKING = you can stop between these signs for a maximum of 2 minutes, to load or unload goods or passengers. 禁止停车=您可以在这些标志之间停留最多2分钟，以装卸货物或乘客。 The driver must stay within 3m of the vehicle. 驾驶员必须停留在距车辆3m之内。 NO STANDING / NO STOPPING / CLEARWAY = you cannot stop between these signs for any reason, even to load or unload goods or passengers. 禁止站立/禁止停车/畅通无阻=出于任何原因，即使在装卸货物或乘客时，您也不能在这些标志之间停下。 Some Clearways are tow-away zones. 一些Clearways是牵引区。 STOP = you must come to a complete stop short of the sign, so that you can see all approaching traffic. 停车=您必须在没有指示牌的情况下完全停止，这样您才能看到所有正在驶近的交通。 GIVE WAY = you must slow down and check all approaching traffic, and if necessary, stop. 让路=您必须放慢速度并检查所有接近的交通，并在必要时停止。

INTERSECTIONS 交叉口

If a junction (= an intersection of two roads) has no traffic lights or signs (STOP or GIVE WAY), give way to traffic on your right. 如果路口（=两条道路的交叉路口）没有交通信号灯或标志（“停车”或“放弃道路”），请让路到右边的交通中。 If you are turning left, give way to traffic on your right. 如果您向左转，请让右侧的路段通行。 If you are turning right, give way to all other traffic. 如果您向右转，请让路给所有其他流量。 If an intersection has signs, these override the rules just given. 如果路口有路标，则这些路标会覆盖刚刚给出的规则。 So, for example, if a road on your right has a GIVE WAY or a STOP sign, you do not have to give way to traffic leaving that road. 因此，例如，如果您右边的道路上有“让步”或“停车”标志，则您不必让路给离开该道路的交通。

TURNING 转弯

To turn left, you should start from the left-hand lane, unless arrows on the road show that you can turn left from other lanes too. 要向左转，您应该从左侧车道开始，除非道路上的箭头表明您也可以从其他车道向左转。 To turn right, you should start from the right-hand lane, unless arrows on the road show that you can turn right from other lanes too. 要向右转，您应该从右侧车道开始，除非道路上的箭头表明您也可以从其他车道向右转。 To make a U-turn, check that you will not affect traffic approaching from any direction. 要掉头，请确保您不会影响从任何方向接近的交通。 Check for signs saying "NO U-TURN". 检查是否有“禁止掉头”的标志。 Give way to all vehicles and pedestrians. 让路给所有车辆和行人。 In VIC, you may do a U-turn at an intersection unless there are signs saying "NO U-TURN". 在VIC中，您可以在交叉路口掉头，除非有标语“禁止掉头”。

SPEED LIMITS 速度限制

Maximum speeds are shown in kilometres per hour, as black numbers on a white background in a red circle. 最大速度以每小时公里数显示，红色圆圈内的白色背景上的黑色数字表示。 Suburban streets are usually 50 or 60. If no speed signs are visible, the limit is 50. 郊区街道通常为50或60。如果看不到速度标志，则限制为50。 Schools have reduced speed limits (usually 40) at certain times of day. 在一天中的某些时候，学校降低了速度限制（通常为40）。 For schools in VIC these times are 08:00 - 09:30 and 14:30 - 16:00. 对于VIC的学校，这些时间为08:00-09:30和14:30-16:00。 These times do not apply during school holidays. 这些时间不适用于学校放假期间。 Some shopping centres have reduced speed limits, either at certain times of day, or permanently. 一些购物中心在一天中的某些时间或永久降低了速度限制。

TRAFFIC LIGHTS 红绿灯

Approaching a red traffic light or arrow, you must stop before the light, and wait for a green or flashing yellow light. 接近红色交通信号灯或箭头时，您必须在信号灯之前停下，并等待绿色或闪烁的黄色指示灯。 Approaching a yellow light or arrow, you must stop before the light if you can stop safely, and wait for a green or flashing yellow light. 接近黄色指示灯或箭头时，如果可以安全停止，则必须在指示灯之前停止，然后等待绿色或闪烁的黄色指示灯。 Many intersections have "red light cameras" installed, to photograph vehicles that drive through red lights. 许多交叉路口都安装了“红灯照相机”，以拍摄通过红灯行驶的车辆。

PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS 人行横道

You must give way to any pedestrian or bicycle rider who is on, or about to move onto, a pedestrian crossing. 您必须让位于行人过路处或即将行人过路处的任何行人或自行车骑士让路。 Crossings near to schools may have attendants who control children and stop traffic by holding up STOP signs. 学校附近的人行横道可能会有服务员控制孩子并通过按住STOP标志来阻止交通。

ROUNDABOUTS [US: TRAFFIC CIRCLES] 圆桌会议[美国：交通流量]

These are intersections with a central traffic island, around which the traffic moves. 这些是与中央交通岛的交叉路口，交通在该岛周围移动。 Some roundabouts have tram tracks running through the traffic island. 一些回旋处有电车轨道贯穿交通岛。 Always drive clockwise around a roundabout. 始终沿回旋处顺时针方向行驶。 On entering a roundabout, give way to traffic on your right. 进入环形交叉路口时，让路向右行驶。Give way to trams. 让路给电车。 If you are taking the first exit, signal a left turn as you enter the roundabout. 如果您正在第一个出口，请在进入回旋处时向左转。 If you are taking an exit more than halfway around, signal a right turn as you enter the roundabout, then signal left before exiting. 如果您离开出口的时间超过中途，请在驶入环形交叉路口时向右转，然后在离开前向左信号。 If you are not taking the first exit, but you are taking an exit before halfway round (= you are actually driving straight ahead), do not signal as you enter, but signal left before exiting. 如果您没有走第一个出口，而是在中途转弯之前离开（=您实际上是在向前行驶），则不要在驶入时发出信号，而在驶出之前向左发出信号。

POLICE and EMERGENCY VEHICLES 警察和紧急车辆

If you see red and blue flashing lights behind you, pull over to the left of the road as far as possible, and wait for the vehicle to pass you. 如果您看到红色和蓝色闪烁的灯光在您身后，请尽量将其拉到路的左侧，然后等待车辆驶过。 If it's a Police car and they stop behind you, turn off your engine and wait. 如果是警车，他们停在您身后，请关闭引擎，然后等待。 The Police will ask for your Driver's Licence. 警察将要求您提供驾驶员执照。They may question you and test you for drugs and alcohol. 他们可能会问您并测试您是否有毒品和酒精。 Be polite. 要有礼貌。 The Police will be polite to you. 警察会对您客气。 They will not ask for bribes. 他们不会索要贿赂。 They may have a camera attached to their uniform, to record what happens. 他们可能在制服上装有摄像头，以记录发生的情况。 If you are having difficulty understanding them, use Google Translate on your phone. 如果您难以理解它们，请在手机上使用Google翻译。

FINES and DEMERIT POINTS 罚款和记分

If you receive a fine, you do not pay money at the time. 如果您收到罚款，那么您将不付款。 Instructions for paying are on the fine papers. 付款说明在精美的纸上。 You have the right to argue against a fine in a Magistrate's Court. 您有权在地方法院反对罚款。 Most fines also come with "demerit points", which add up against your licence (VIC or overseas). 大多数罚款还带有“扣分”，这与您的驾照（VIC或海外）相加。 If you accumulate 12 points within 3 years, your licence will be suspended for 3 months. 如果您在3年内累积了12分，您的许可证将被暂停3个月。 You can request an "Extended Demerit Point Period" which allows you to keep driving, but if you accumulate any points in 12 months, your licence will be suspended for twice as long (6 months). 您可以申请“延长记分期限”，以继续驾驶，但是如果您在12个月内累积了任何积分，您的驾照将被暂停两次（6个月）。 Examples of demerits: using a mobile phone while driving, 4 points. 缺点示例：开车时使用手机，得4分。 Failing to give way or stop, 3 points. 未能让步或停止，得3分。 Turning without signalling, 2 points. 转弯时不发信号2分。 Following another vehicle too closely, 1 point. 跟着另一辆车太紧，1分。

<< 上一个 Back

Index 指数

Next 下一步>>