第38课：名词和动词：H-N

Lesson 38: Words that are Both Nouns and Verbs: H-N

HEAP 堆

heap (n), heaps (pl): a number of objects or people placed on top of each other, with no order or tidyness. 许多物体或人物彼此叠加，没有秩序或整洁。 to heap (v)累积: to place in a heap. 放在一堆。 I/you/we/they/ heap, he/she/it/ heaps. /am/is/are/ heaping. /all/ heaped. /was/were/ heaping. /shall/will/ heap. /shall/will/ be heaping.

Examples: Heaps of rubbish lined the street. 例子：街道两旁排满了垃圾。 Frank raked leaves into a heap for burning. 弗兰克(Frank)把树叶耙成一堆燃烧。 Fred sat down to eat a heaped plate of noodles. 弗雷德坐下来吃了一盘堆满的面条。

HERD 一群

herd (n), herds (pl): a group of animals, same as a flock. 一群动物，和一群羊一样。 A group of people considered as a unit. 一群人被视为一个单位。 "To follow the herd" = for a person to think or act like most other people. “追随牛群”=让一个人像其他人一样思考或行动。 to herd (v)放牧: to group together. To make a group of animals or people move together. I/you/we/they/ herd, he/she/it/ herds. /am/is/are/ herding. /all/ herded. /was/were/ herding. /shall/will/ herd. /shall/will/ be herding.

Examples: During summer, farmers need to move their herds to paddocks with enough water. 示例：在夏季，农民需要将牛群移到有足够水的围场。 On many issues, Betty just follows the herd. 在很多问题上，贝蒂只是跟随牛群。 If most people are vaccinated against a disease, the population is said to have "herd immunity". 如果大多数人接种了一种疾病疫苗，那么人们就会说有“群体免疫力”。 Getting a group of people to agree on a difficult issue is called "like trying to herd cats". 让一群人就一个棘手的问题达成一致意见被称为“就像试图放牧猫”一样。

HIT 击中

hit (n), hits (pl): a strike with a hammer, bat, fist etc, with sudden force. 用锤子，蝙蝠，拳头等罢工，突然用力。 A result in an Internet search. 互联网搜索的结果。 A dose of a recreational drug. 一剂休闲药。 A planned murder. 计划中的谋杀案。 to hit (v)击中: to strike with a hammer, bat, fist etc. with sudden force. 用锤子，蝙蝠，拳头等突然用力击打。 To have a negative effect. 产生负面影响。 To suddenly have an idea. 突然有了一个主意。 To get a result in an Internet search. 要在Internet搜索中获得结果。 To take a dose of a recreational drug. 服用一剂休闲药物。 "Hit the wall" = to run out of energy, ideas or resources. “撞墙”=耗尽精力，想法或资源。 To commit a planned murder. 实施谋杀计划。 To arrive at a place. 到达一个地方。 I/you/we/they/ hit, he/she/it/ hits. /am/is/are/ hitting (note spelling, double-T) /all/ hit (note spelling, irregular verb) /was/were/ hitting. /shall/will/ hit. /shall/will/ be hitting.

Examples: Muriel got 5,000 Internet hits when she searched for "strawberry jam". 示例：Muriel在搜索“草莓酱”时获得了5,000次互联网点击。 Australian Border Force intercepted a drug shipment, enough for a million hits. 澳大利亚边境部队拦截了一批药物，足以达到100万次点击。 David hit the ball so hard, it flew out of the park. 大卫击球得很厉害，它飞出了公园。 Three-quarters of the way through the race, Betty hit the wall and had to stop. 四分之三的比赛，贝蒂撞墙而不得不停下来。 The new iPhone is a great hit. 新款iPhone非常受欢迎。 While Betty was exercising, an idea for a new business hit her. 当贝蒂在锻炼时，一个新生意的想法打动了她。 Ten minutes after we started driving, we hit the freeway and heavy traffic. 我们开始行驶十分钟后，我们撞上了高速公路，交通拥挤。 The murder of a local Mafia chief was a carefully planned hit. 谋杀一名当地的黑手党酋长是一个精心策划的打击。

HOLD 货舱

hold (n), holds (pl): a space in a ship for carrying cargo. 船上用于运载货物的空间。 A grip on an object, such as a shopping bag or a ladder. 抓住物体，例如购物袋或梯子。 A grip on your opponent in wrestling. 在摔跤中抓住你的对手。 A pause in some action or proceedings. 某些行动或诉讼中的暂停。 to hold (v)保持: to grip in your hands or arms. 抓住你的手或手臂。 To pause. 暂停。 To support something. 支持某事。 To contain something. 包含某些东西。 To have something, position/money. 有东西，位置/金钱。 I/you/we/they/ hold, he/she/it/ holds. /am/is/are/ holding. /all/ held (note spelling, irregular verb) /was/were/ holding. /shall/will/ hold. /shall/will/ be holding.

Examples: The ship carried 50,000 tonnes of Australian wheat in its holds. 示例：该船在其货舱中运载了50,000吨澳大利亚小麦。 Muriel warned Frank, "Make sure you have a good hold of that ladder!" 穆里尔警告弗兰克，“确保你能抓住那个梯子！ ”The sumo wrestler had a good hold on his opponent. 相扑选手对他的对手有很好的控制。 Can you hold that book for me, until I get to your shop? 在我到你的商店之前，你能帮我拿那本书吗？ This bucket holds 5 litres. 这个桶可容纳5升。 He was briefly held in prison, then released. 他被短暂关押在狱中，然后被释放。 What does the future hold? 未来该何去何从？ Will this rope hold your weight? 这根绳子会承受你的重量吗？ John hopes the repair to his van holds until he arrives home. 约翰希望修理他的面包车，直到他到家。 Will Fred's luck hold? 弗雷德的运气会举行吗？ We shall hold a meeting tomorrow. 我们明天会开个会。 Jan and her boyfriend were holding hands. 简和她的男朋友牵着手。

HOLIDAY 假日

holiday (n), holidays (pl): time away from work or other scheduled activity, for recreation and recovery. 远离工作或其他预定活动的时间，用于娱乐和恢复。 "A Public holiday" = an official day with no work or school for most people. “公众假期”=大多数人没有工作或上学的官方日。 A pause in the charging of financial interest, for example on a mortgage. 暂停收取经济利息，例如抵押贷款。 to holiday (v)去度假: to take a holiday. 去度假。 I/you/we/they/ holiday, he/she/it/ holidays. /am/is/are/ holidaying. /all/ holidayed. /was/were/ holidaying. /shall/will/ holiday. /shall/will/ be holidaying.

Examples: For our holiday, we shall fly to Brisbane. 示例：对于我们的假期，我们将飞往布里斯班。 The next Australia-wide Public Holiday will be "Queen's Birthday". 下一个澳大利亚公众假期将是“复活节”。 Fred's bank gave him a one-month holiday from paying interest. 弗雷德的银行给了他一个月的假期来支付利息。 Alice holidayed in Cairns for two weeks. 爱丽丝在凯恩斯度过了两个星期。

LOAD 负载

load (n), loads (pl): a burden, physically or mentally. 身体上或精神上的负担。 A large quantity. 数量很大。 Energy consumption in an electrical network. 电网中的能耗。 to load (v)负荷: to place a quantity of an object in a machine. 将一定数量的对象放入机器中。 To place a quantity of an object on a truck or other means of transport. 将一定数量的物体放在卡车或其他运输工具上。 To place a mental or physical burden on a person. 给一个人带来精神上或身体上的负担。 I/you/we/they/ load, he/she/it/ loads. /am/is/are/ loading. /all/ loaded. /was/were/ loading. /shall/will/ load. /shall/will/ be loading.

Examples: This bridge can carry a large load. 示例：此桥可承载大负载。 I have a huge load of work. 我有大量的工作。 I have a huge workload. 我的工作量很大。 The Victorian electrical grid could not take the load, so power to half of Melbourne was cut. 维多利亚时代的电网无法承受负荷，因此切断了墨尔本一半的电力供应。 Can I lighten your load? 我可以减轻你的负担吗？ She is a social worker, with an enormous caseload. 她是一名社会工作者，拥有庞大的案件量。 Frank loaded a memory card into his camera. 弗兰克在他的相机里装了一张存储卡。 The policeman loaded bullets into his gun. 警察把子弹装进他的枪里。

LOOK 看

look (n), looks (pl): the way an object or a person appears. 物体或人物出现的方式。 to look (v)看: to direct your vision towards an object or person. 将你的愿景引向一个物体或一个人。 To try to find something. 试图找到一些东西。 To appear or seem to be. 出现或似乎是。 To face a certain direction. 面对某个方向。 To warn someone to pay attention. 警告别人要注意。 To prepare to do something. 准备做点什么。 I/you/we/they/ look, he/she/it/ looks. /am/is/are/ looking. /all/ looked. /was/were/ looking. /shall/will/ look. /shall/will/ be looking.

Examples: She gave him an angry look. 例子：她生气地看着他。 It's not a good look, when the new Government increases taxes. 当新政府增加税收时，这不是一个好看的。 Look at this mess! 看看这个烂摊子！ You look well. 你看起来很好。 I'm looking for my wallet! 我正在寻找我的钱包！ That shirt looks nice on you. 那件衬衫看起来不错。 David's bedroom looks over a park. 大卫的卧室俯瞰着公园。 Look at me! 看着我！ Look behind you! 看看你身后！ Muriel looks her age. 穆里尔看起来像她的年龄。 Look where you're going! 看看你要去哪里！ I am looking to lose weight this summer. 我期待今年夏天减肥。

LOVE 爱

love (n), loves (pl): a feeling of extreme affection or desire (or both) for a person or object. 对一个人或一个物体的极度感情或欲望（或两者）。 A person or object who has love directed at them: "you are my love!" 一个对他们有爱的人或物：“你是我的爱人！” to love (v)爱: to feel extreme affection or desire (or both) for a person or object. 为某人或某物体感受极端的感情或欲望（或两者兼而有之）。 To very much like (as a request). 非常喜欢（作为请求）。 "Love you to bits" = love you very much. “爱你点点滴滴”=非常爱你。 "Fall in love with" = start to love someone or something. “爱上”=开始爱某人或某事。 I/you/we/they/ love, he/she/it/ loves. /am/is/are/ loving (note spelling, no E). /all/ loved (note spelling, single E). /was/were/ loving. /shall/will/ love. /shall/will/ be loving.

Examples: Muriel was Frank's first love. 例子：穆里尔是弗兰克(Frank)的初恋。 Sandra loves her job. 桑德拉喜欢她的工作。 Fred loves chocolate. 弗雷德喜欢巧克力。 John will love Yan forever. 约翰永远爱着艳。 I would love a cup of tea, thank you! 我想要一杯茶，谢谢！

MACHINE 机

machine (n), machines (pl): an object that produces other objects, or alters their qualities in some way. 一个产生其他物体的物体，或以某种方式改变它们的品质。 A piece of equipment with moving parts, using power to do work. 一件带有活动部件的设备，用电来做功。 A nickname for a computer or vehicle. 计算机或车辆的昵称。 A group of people who organise something. 一群人组织的东西。 to machine (v)加工: to use a machine to manufacture or alter an object. 使用机器制造或改变物体。 Sewing machine. 缝纫机。 I/you/we/they/ machine, he/she/it/ machines. /am/is/are/ machining (note spelling, no E). /all/ machined (note spelling, single E). /was/were/ machining. /shall/will/ machine. /shall/will/ be machining.

Examples: We saw a machine that produces drink bottles from plastic pellets. 例子：我们看到一台用塑料颗粒生产饮料瓶的机器。 Alice's sewing machine uses very little electricity. 爱丽丝的缝纫机耗电很少。 We will need a powerful machine to compute these statistics! 我们需要一台强大的机器来计算这些统计数据！ That's some machine you're riding; is it a Honda? 那是你骑的机器; 这是本田吗？ The Liberal Party machine swung into action for the 2019 Election. 自由党机器为2019年选举投入了行动。 John used a lathe to machine a groove on a drive-shaft. 约翰用车床加工驱动轴上的凹槽。

MAN 人

man (n), men (pl): (note plural spelling, irregular noun): an adult male human. 成年男性人类。 A male employee. 一名男性员工。 A male sexual partner. 男性性伴侣。 [SL: informal form of address]. [SL：非正式的地址]。 The human race. 人类。 Exclamation. 感叹。 to man (v)对男人: to supply people to work a machine, or work in a place. 为人们提供机器工作或在某个地方工作。 "To man up" = to act showing masculine virtues. “为了男人”：表现出男性化的美德。 I/you/we/they/ man, he/she/it/ mans. /am/is/are/ manning (note spelling, double-N). /all/ manned (note spelling, double-N). /was/were/ manning. /shall/will/ man. /shall/will/ be manning.

Examples: David is a handsome young man. 例子：大卫是一个英俊的年轻人。 Betty has a new man in her life. 贝蒂一生都有一个新人。 How're you doing, man? 你好吗，伙计？ This snake venom is the fastest-acting poison known to man. 这种蛇毒是人类已知的最快的毒药。 Man, that was good! 伙计，那太好了！ Three men arrived from the council to take away our rubbish. 三名男子从议会抵达，带走了我们的垃圾。 Two employees are manning the front counter. 两名员工正在配备前台。 Come on, Fred, man up and do your job! 来吧，弗雷德，男人，做你的工作！

MARCH 行军

march (n), marches (pl): (note spelling): an organised movement of people, often in step with each other. 人们有组织的运动，往往是彼此一步一步的。 Piece of music with a strong beat, for marching to. 一段音乐带着强烈的节拍，为了向前迈进。 March: third month of the year. 三月：一年中的第三个月。 "Marching orders" = a dismissal. “行军命令”：解雇。 "On the march" = moving towards a place. “在游行中”：走向一个地方。 Continuous development of technology. 不断发展技术。 to march (v)行军: to take part in a march. 参加游行。 To forcefully make someone go somewhere. 强迫某人去某个地方。 I/you/we/they/ march, he/she/it/ marches (note spelling, added E). /am/is/are/ marching. /all/ marched. /was/were/ marching. /shall/will/ march. /shall/will/ be marching.

Examples: A protest march brought Central Melbourne traffic to a halt. 示例：抗议游行导致墨尔本中部的交通停顿。 The American composer Souza composed many well-known marches. 美国作曲家Souza组成了许多着名的游行。 We visited Ballarat for a festival in March. 我们三月份参观了巴拉瑞特的节日。 Three staff at the shop received their marching orders. 商店的三名工作人员接到了他们的行军命令。 Cane toads are on the march west from Cairns. 甘蔗蟾蜍正在从凯恩斯向西行进。 We cannot stop the march of progress towards totally renewable energy. 我们无法阻止朝着完全可再生能源迈进的步伐。 Three suspected terrorist prisoners were marched to armoured vehicles. 三名涉嫌恐怖主义囚犯被绑在装甲车上。

MASSAGE 按摩

massage (n), massages (pl): a health therapy involving manipulation of body tissues by rubbing or kneading. 一种健康疗法，包括通过摩擦或揉捏来操纵身体组织。 to massage (v)按摩: to give a massage to a person or animal. 给人或动物按摩。 "To massage results" = to alter accounting or statistical information. “按摩结果”=改变会计或统计信息。 I/you/we/they/ massage, he/she/it/ massages. /am/is/are/ massaging (note spelling, no E). /all/ massaged (note spelling, single E). /was/were/ massaging. /shall/will/ massage. /shall/will/ be massaging.

Examples: We massage many customers every day. 示例：我们每天都按摩许多客户。 I'll massage you gently, OK?. 我会温柔地按摩你，好吗？ Does she give a good massage? 她给了一个很好的按摩吗？ The company accountant was found guilty of massaging sales figures. 公司会计师因按摩销售数字而被判有罪。

NAME 名

name (n), names (pl): A description of a person, object or intangible thing. 对人，物或无形物的描述。 A reputation of someone or something. 某人或某事的名声。 Someone with a good reputation. 有名气的人。 to name (v)命名: to assign a name to something. 为某事物指定名称。 "Clear your name" = to prove that you are not guilty of a crime. “清楚你的名字”=证明你没有犯罪。 "Go by the name of" = to be known by a name different from your real name. “以名称命名”=以与您的真实姓名不同的名称来识别。 "In the name of" = belonging to someone, or with someone as a reason. “以”=属于某人，或以某人为理由。 I/you/we/they/ name, he/she/it/ names. /am/is/are/ naming (note spelling, no E). /all/ named (note spelling, single E). /was/were/ naming. /shall/will/ name. /shall/will/ be naming.

Examples: His name is John. 例子：他的名字是约翰。 "Apple" products have a good name. "Apple"产品有一个好名字。 Rupert Murdoch is a big name in publishing. 鲁珀特·默多克是出版界的一个大牌。 The author J K Rowling goes by the name of Robert Galbraith when writing crime novels. 作者J K Rowling在撰写犯罪小说时以Robert Galbraith的名字命名。 Fred said to the waitress "I've booked a table for 4 in the name of Fred Smith". 弗雷德对女服务员说：“我已经以弗雷德史密斯的名义订了4张桌子”。 I name this ship, Titanic - bless all who sail in her. 我把这艘船命名为泰坦尼克号 - 祝福所有在她身上航行的人。

NOTICE 通知

notice (n), notices (pl): an informative message. 信息丰富的信息。 Warning about something that will happen in the future. 关于将来会发生的事情的警告。 "At a moment's notice" = quickly. “马上就注意到了”=很快。 to notice (v)通知: to see and read a notice. 查看和阅读通知。 To see and understand something: "I noticed she was unhappy". 看到并理解一些事情：“我注意到她不开心”。 To bring something to public attention. 引起公众注意的事情。 "Bring to a person's notice" = to tell a person that something is happening. “带给一个人的通知”=告诉一个人发生了什么。 "To give notice" = to resign from your job. “发出通知”=辞去工作。 "To be given notice" = to be given a warning when you will lose your job, or when something will be happening. “给予通知”=当你失去工作或什么时候会发生什么时给予警告。 I/you/we/they/ notice, he/she/it/ notices. /am/is/are/ noticing (note spelling, no E). /all/ noticed (note spelling, single E). /was/were/ noticing. /shall/will/ notice. /shall/will/ be noticing.

Examples: Fred did not notice the notice hanging on the wall. 示例：弗雷德没有注意到挂在墙上的通知。 We noticed a shifty person hanging around. 我们注意到一个狡猾的人闲逛。 The girl's piano-playing was first noticed at the age of nine. 女孩的钢琴演奏在9岁时首次被发现。 Frank's bank manager brought to his notice that he was overdrawn. 弗兰克的银行经理提醒他，他已经透支了。 Alice gave her boss one month's notice. 爱丽丝给了她的老板一个月的通知。 Could you give me a couple of days' notice of the next meeting? 你能否在几天前通知我下次会议？

OBJECT 宾语

object (n), objects (pl): things that are not human or animals. 不是人类或动物的东西。 A goal of some endeavour. 一些努力的目标。 A reason for doing something. 做某事的理由。 In a sentence, a noun that is affected by a verb: many verbs need an object to complete their meaning. 在一个句子中，受动词影响的名词：许多动词需要一个对象才能完成其含义。 to object (v)拒绝: (note different pronunciation and meaning): to show opposition or dislike of someone or something. I/you/we/they/ object, he/she/it/ objects. /am/is/are/ objecting. /all/ objected. /was/were/ objecting. /shall/will/ object. /shall/will/ be objecting.

Examples: Always bend your knees when lifting heavy objects. 示例：抬起重物时始终弯曲膝盖。 The object of the Congestion Charge is to reduce usage of private vehicles. 拥堵费的目的是减少私人车辆的使用。 His object in getting fit is to live longer. 他的健身目标是活得更久。 In the sentence: "I like chocolate cake", chocolate cake is the object. 在句子中：“我喜欢巧克力蛋糕”，巧克力蛋糕是对象。 Only three people objected to the plan for a new playground. 只有三个人反对新游乐场的计划。 Fred objects to being called short. 弗雷德反对被称为短。

OIL 油

oil (n), oils (pl): a liquid used for lubrication. 用于润滑的液体。 A liquid from under the earth's surface that is processed to make fuels and other hydrocarbon products. 来自地球表面的液体，经过加工制成燃料和其他碳氢化合物产品。 "Diesel oil" = a fuel. “柴油”=燃料。 A liquid produced from plants used in cooking. 用于烹饪的植物产生的液体。 "Oils" = thick artists' paints. “油”=厚艺术家的油漆。 to oil (v)加油: to apply oil as a lubricant, to machines or people. 将油作为润滑剂应用于机器或人员。 I/you/we/they/ oil, he/she/it/ oils. /am/is/are/ oiling . /all/ oiled. /was/were/ oiling. /shall/will/ oil. /shall/will/ be oiling.

Examples: John checks the oil level in his van every week. 例子：约翰每周检查他面包车的油位。 His van's engine uses diesel fuel. 他的面包车发动机使用柴油燃料。 Drilling for oil regularly produces pollution around the world. 石油钻探经常在世界范围内造成污染。 Muriel uses sunflower oil for cooking. 穆里尔用葵花籽油做饭。

PAINT 油漆

paint (n), paints (pl): liquids used for colouring or for making artworks. 用于着色或制作艺术品的液体。 [SL: "lick of paint" = a thin coat of paint put on something to make it look better.][SL：“舔油漆”=涂上一层薄薄的油漆，让它看起来更好。] to paint (v)油漆: to cover with paint, or to create an artwork using paint. 用油漆覆盖，或用油漆创作艺术品。 To create a mental picture. 创造一个心理图片。 To put makeup on your nails or face. 把化妆品涂在指甲或脸上。 I/you/we/they/ paint, he/she/it/ paints. /am/is/are/ painting. /all/ painted. /was/were/ painting. /shall/will/ paint. /shall/will/ be painting.

Examples: do you want to use satin or flat paint on this ceiling? 示例：您想在这个天花板上使用缎面或平面涂料吗？ How many coats of paint will we use? 我们会使用多少涂料？ Our toilet could do with a lick of paint. 我们的厕所可以用舔油漆。 Sandra said "I need a few minutes to paint my nails". 桑德拉说：“我需要几分钟来涂指甲”。 David had a wonderful teacher, who could paint a mental picture of something with few words. 大卫有一位很棒的老师，他可以用很少的文字描绘一些东西。 It took Frank 4 days to paint the exterior of his house. 弗兰克花了4天的时间来画他房子的外观。 These artworks are all painted by Ballarat artists. 这些艺术品都是巴拉瑞特艺术家的作品。

PARK 公园

park (n), parks (pl): a piece of land used for public recreation and enjoyment. 一片用于公共娱乐和享受的土地。 An area of land used for a certain purpose. 用于某种目的的土地面积。 "Parking spot": an area where you may legally leave a vehicle. “停车位”：您可以合法地离开车辆的区域。 to park (v)停放: to leave your vehicle in a parking spot. 将您的车辆停放在停车位。 To put yourself or other people in a certain place for a time. 把自己或其他人放在某个地方一段时间。 To leave money or other assets in a location for a time. 将钱或其他资产留在某个地方一段时间。 I/you/we/they/ park, he/she/it/ parks. /am/is/are/ parking. /all/ parked. /was/were/ parking. /shall/will/ park. /shall/will/ be parking.

Examples: They are having fun in the park. 例子：他们在公园里玩得很开心。 How many spaces are free in this car park? 这个停车场有多少个免费停车位？ He parked in a side street, away from traffic. 他停在一条小街上，远离交通。 Sandra parked her toddler in his wheelchair, close to the swings. 桑德拉把她的孩子停在轮椅上，靠近秋千。 Fred decided to park some of his money with a Cayman Islands bank, to avoid tax. 弗雷德决定将他的部分钱存入开曼群岛银行，以避税。

PHONE 电话

phone (n), phones (pl): abbreviation of "telephone". “电话”的缩写。 An appliance for talking with someone at a distance. 用于与远处某人交谈的设备。 "Mobile phone" = a wireless version of a telephone. “手机”：无线版电话。 to phone (v) 打电话: to make a call on a telephone. 打个电话。 I/you/we/they/ phone, he/she/it/ phones. /am/is/are/ phoning (note spelling, no E). /all/ phoned (note spelling, single E). /was/were/ phoning. /shall/will/ phone. /shall/will/ be phoning.

Examples: Telemarketers always phone just as we sit down to dinner. 示例：电话推销员总是打电话，就像我们坐下来吃饭一样。 John had three nuisance phone calls yesterday. 约翰昨天有三个讨厌的电话。 Our company trains staff to answer the phone within three rings. 我们公司培训员工在三个响铃内接听电话。 Alice phoned Sandra for a long chat.爱丽丝打电话给桑德拉进行了长时间的聊天。

PHRASE 短语

phrase (n), phrases (pl): a collection of words that is shorter than a sentence. 短于句子的单词集合。 In music, a collection of notes forming a part of a melody. 在音乐中，一系列音符形成旋律的一部分。 to phrase (v)短语: to arrange words in a phrase. 用短语排列单词。 To say something in a certain way. 以某种方式说些什么。 To write music in a certain way.以某种方式写音乐。 I/you/we/they/ phrase, he/she/it/ phrases. /am/is/are/ phrasing (note spelling, no E). /all/ phrased (note spelling, single E). /was/were/ phrasing. /shall/will/ phrase. /shall/will/ be phrasing.

Examples: The phrase "I travelled" expresses an idea without forming a complete sentence. 例子：“我旅行过”这个短语表达了一个想法而没有形成一个完整的句子。 The composer Beethoven could create a complete piece of music from just a short phrase. 作曲家贝多芬可以用短语创作出完整的音乐作品。 Betty's friend tactfully phrased a question about her sick mother. 贝蒂的朋友巧妙地表达了一个关于她生病的母亲的问题。 The violinist's phrasing was beautiful. 小提琴家的短语很美。

PLACE 地点

place (n), places (pl): a position occupied by an object. 一个物体占据的位置。 A social position of a person ("he knows his place"). 一个人的社会地位（“他知道他的地方”）。 A suitable time or location ("this is the place for a good feed"). 一个合适的时间或地点（“这是一个良好的饲料的地方”）。 A position at a table where you sit to eat.在你坐下吃饭的桌子上的位置。 to place (v)放置: to position an object. 定位一个对象。 To remember a person or object ("I couldn't quite place him"). 记住一个人或物体（“我不能完全放置他”）。 "To take place" = to happen. “发生”=发生。 "Out of place" = looking wrong. “不合时宜”=看错了。 "In place" = ready, organised. “到位”=准备好，有条理。 "In place of" = instead of, as a substitute. “取代”代替，而不是替代。 I/you/we/they/ place, he/she/it/ places. /am/is/are/ placing (note spelling, no E). /all/ placed (note spelling, single E). /was/were/ placing. /shall/will/ place. /shall/will/ be placing.

Examples: Melbourne has many places of historical interest. 示例：墨尔本有许多历史名胜。 Alice's office is a pleasant place to work. 爱丽丝的办公室是一个愉快的工作场所。 This isn't the time or place to have a whinge. 这不是获得边锋的时间或地点。 Her place was already set with plates and cutlery. 她的地方已经摆好了盘子和餐具。 Fred knows his place at work; he is a junior clerk with little power. 弗雷德知道他在工作的地方; 他是一名资源很少的初级职员。 Muriel placed Frank's dinner in front of him. 穆里尔把弗兰克(Frank)的晚餐放在他面前。 I saw a person I thought I knew, but I couldn't quite place him. 我看到一个我认为我认识的人，但我不能完全放置他。 The meeting will take place in the Boardroom.会议将在会议室举行。 As a middle-aged woman, Betty felt out of place in her class of young students. 作为一名中年妇女，贝蒂觉得她班上的年轻学生不合适。 Everything is in place for the carnival. 嘉年华的一切都到位。 Using olive oil in place of butter when you cook is a healthy choice. 烹饪时用橄榄油代替黄油是一个健康的选择。

PLAN 计划

plan (n), plans (pl): a drawing of something to be built or manufactured. 要建造或制造的东西的图纸。 An idea or a list of steps for performing a task. 执行任务的想法或步骤列表。 "To go according to plan" = to happen as expected. “按计划去”=按预期发生。 to plan (v)计划: to work out a series of steps to perform a task. 制定一系列步骤来执行任务。 To intend to do something. 打算做点什么。 I/you/we/they/ plan, he/she/it/ plans. /am/is/are/ planning (note spelling, double-N). /all/ planned (note spelling, double-N). /was/were/ planning. /shall/will/ plan. /shall/will/ be planning.

Examples: Frank looked at the plan for their house extension. 例子：弗兰克看了他们的房屋扩建计划。 Sandra told Alice about her plans for a holiday. 桑德拉告诉爱丽丝她的假期计划。 I have a cunning plan for winning the race. 我有一个狡猾的计划来赢得比赛。 The Government is developing a 10-year economic plan. 政府正在制定一项十年经济计划。 The meeting went according to plan. 会议按计划进行。 Sandra is planning her holiday. 桑德拉正在计划她的假期。 I'm not planning to stay in this job much longer. 我不打算再呆这份工作了。 Her fourth pregnancy was not planned. 她的第四次怀孕没有计划好。

PRESENT 礼物

present (n), presents (pl): a gift. 一个礼物。 [SL: "prezzie"]. [SL：“prezzie”]。 The period of time that is happening now ("the present", "the present tense"). 现在发生的时间段（“现在”，“现在时”）。 [SL: "at present" = now].[SL：“目前”=现在]。 to present (v)呈: (note different pronunciation): to give a gift or award to a person or animal. （注意不同的发音）：给予人或动物礼物或奖励。 To offer something to a meeting. 为会议提供一些东西。 "Present as" = to appear in a certain way. “呈现为”=以某种方式出现。 I/you/we/they/ present, he/she/it/ presents. /am/is/are/ presenting. /all/ presented. /was/were/ presenting. /shall/will/ present. /shall/will/ be presenting.

Examples: Muriel bought Frank a laptop as a Christmas present. 例子：穆里尔买了弗兰克(Frank)一台笔记本电脑作为圣诞礼物。 That was a lovely prezzie, thank you! 那是一个可爱的prezzie，谢谢！ At present, the economy is not doing well. 目前，经济状况不佳。 That's all we know about her plans, at present. 目前，这就是我们对她的计划所了解的全部内容。 The team were presented with medals for winning the race. 该团队获得了赢得比赛的奖牌。 Alice presents as a very competent programmer. Alice是一位非常称职的程序员。 She presented an easy-to-understand report to the meeting. 她向会议提交了一份易于理解的报告。 The nursing home presents as happy and caring. 养老院表现得很开心和关怀。

PURCHASE 购

purchase (n), purchases (pl): objects that you have bought. 你买的物品。 When holding something, the strength of your grip. 拿着东西时，握力的力量。 When undertaking a project or starting a social movement, the extent to which you influence other people. 在进行项目或开展社交活动时，您在多大程度上影响他人。 to purchase (v)采购: to buy something. 买东西。 "To get a good purchase": to get a strong grip on something. “为了获得一个好的购买”：获得强大的抓地力。 I/you/we/they/ purchase, he/she/it/ purchases. /am/is/are/ purchasing (note spelling, no E). /all/ purchased (note spelling, single E). /was/were/ purchasing. /shall/will/ purchase. /shall/will/ be purchasing.

Examples: Frank paid for his purchases on credit card. 示例：弗兰克用信用卡支付了他的购买费用。 The weightlifter got a good purchase on the bar. 举重运动员在酒吧购买了很多。 The politician's plan didn't get much purchase when he presented it. 这位政治家的计划在他提出时没有多少购买。 We could purchase tickets to the concert only during the week before it. 我们只能在前一周购买音乐会门票。

RACE 竞赛

race (n), races (pl): a competition to see who can finish a task most quickly. 一场比赛，看看谁能最快完成一项任务。 An attempt to be the first to do something. 试图成为第一个做某事的人。 A group of people to whom you belong through birth. 一群你出生时属于你的人。 to race (v)赛跑: to compete in a race. 参加比赛。 To move or drive quickly. 快速移动或驾驶。 I/you/we/they/ race, he/she/it/ races. /am/is/are/ racing (note spelling, no E). /all/ raced (note spelling, single E). /was/were/ racing. /shall/will/ race. /shall/will/ be racing.

Examples: For two years, David held the record for the 800m race at school. 例子：两年来，大卫在学校举行了800米比赛的纪录。 America and Russia were in a race to land on the moon. 美国和俄罗斯正在争夺登陆月球的竞争。 A minority of Australian citizens belong to the Aboriginal or Torres Strait races. 少数澳大利亚公民属于原住民或托雷斯海峡的种族。 The two teams raced to finish their tasks. 两支队伍完成了他们的任务。 Fire engines raced to the scene of the crash. 消防车赶到了坠机现场。

REST 休息

rest (n), rests (pl): an interval of time when you stop physical and/or mental exercise. 你停止身体和/或心理锻炼的时间间隔。 A stand for supporting an object. 用于支撑物体的支架。 The remaining or left-over part of something. 某事的剩余或遗留部分。 A period of silence between musical notes. 音符之间的沉默时期。 to rest (v)休息: to stop physical and/or mental exercise for a time. 一段时间停止身体和/或心理锻炼。 To place an object on a rest. 将物体放在休息处。 To stay in a certain condition. 要保持一定的条件。 "To be at rest" = to be not moving, or dead.“要休息”=不动，或死。 I/you/we/they/ rest, he/she/it/ rests. /am/is/are/ resting. /all/ rested. /was/were/ resting. /shall/will/ rest. /shall/will/ be resting.

Examples: Sandra was tired, so she had a 10-minute rest. 例子：桑德拉很累，所以她休息了10分钟。 Fred jacked up his car and lowered it onto a rest. 弗雷德抬起车，把它放到休息处。 I shall take $ 250 of this cash, you have the rest. 我将拿250美元这笔现金，剩下的就是我。 The girl's piano teacher pointed out a crotchet rest, which she had missed. 女孩的钢琴老师指出了一个她错过的四分卫。 John rested briefly after walking to the summit of the hill. 约翰走到山顶后短暂休息。 We can't let this matter rest! 我们不能让这件事休息！ The car skidded, ran off the road and came to rest in a ditch. 汽车打滑了，跑开了路，然后在沟里休息了。 Betty's mother was seriously ill for months, but is now at rest.贝蒂的母亲病了几个月，但现在已经休息了。

ROW 排

row (n), rows (pl): a collection of objects arranged in a straight line. 一组直线排列的物体。 A trip in a small boat, using oars. 用小船在小船上旅行。 Also Row (different pronunciation): a quarrel, a loud argument, a loud noise. 还有Row（不同的发音）：争吵，大声争吵，吵闹声。 to row (v)划: To move a boat using oars. 使用桨移动船。 Also: to Row: to quarrel. 另外：瞎闹：争吵。 [SL: "to get your ducks in a row" = to be well organised for something that may happen. [SL：“把你的鸭子连成一排”=要为可能发生的事情做好组织。 "In a row" = one after the other, with no interruptions. “连续”=一个接一个，没有中断。 I/you/we/they/ row, he/she/it/ rows. /am/is/are/ rowing. /all/ rowed. /was/were/ rowing. /shall/will/ row. /shall/will/ be rowing.

Examples: We walked into the hotel between two rows of impressive columns. 示例：我们走进了两排令人印象深刻的柱子之间的酒店。 Frank's neighbours have at least one row a week. 弗兰克的邻居每周至少有一排。 The bulldozer outside made such a row, I couldn't concentrate on my work. 外面的推土机做了这么一排，我不能专注于我的工作。 Alex rowed his dinghy slowly up the river. 亚力克斯把他的小艇慢慢划上了河。 Betty had a big row with her manager over pay. 贝蒂和她的经理在薪水方面有很大关系。 Roger Federer won 41 matches in a row in 2006-7. 罗杰·费德勒在2006-7赛季连续赢得41场比赛。 Alice made sure she had all her ducks in a row before starting her critical project. 在开始她的关键项目之前，爱丽丝确保她已经连续吃掉了所有的鸭子。

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