第39课：名词和动词：O-Z

Lesson 39: Words that are Both Nouns and Verbs: O-Z

SAND 砂

sand (n), sands (pl): a fine, gritty mineral made of very small pieces of rock. 由非常小的岩石制成的精细砂砾矿物质。 "The sands of time" = a reference to time passing. “时间的沙子”=时间流逝的参考。 to sand (v) 撒沙: To alter the appearance of an object by using sandpaper or sandblasting. 用砂纸或喷砂改变物体的外观。 I/you/we/they/ sand, he/she/it/ sands. /am/is/are/ sanding. /all/ sanded. /was/were/ sanding. /shall/will/ sand. /shall/will/ be sanding.

Examples: In Central Australia, sands stretch for hundreds of kilometres. 示例：在澳大利亚中部，沙子延伸数百公里。 "The Great Sandy Desert" is nearly 300,000 square kilometres of sand dunes. “大沙漠”是近30万平方公里的沙丘。 Most beaches in Australia are made of sand, not shingle or pebbles. 澳大利亚的大多数海滩都是沙子，而不是鹅卵石或鹅卵石。 The carpenter carefully sanded the top of a table. 木匠仔细地打磨了桌子的顶部。

SAW 锯

saw (n), saws (pl): a tool with sharp teeth along one edge, for cutting materials. 沿着一个边缘具有锋利齿的工具，用于切割材料。 to saw (v) 锯: To cut wood, plastic or metal using a saw. 用锯切割木材，塑料或金属。 Note: "saw" is also the past simple tense of the verb "to see". 注意：“锯”也是动词“看”的过去简单时态。 I/you/we/they/ saw, he/she/it/ saws. /am/is/are/ sawing. /all/ sawed. /was/were/ sawing. /shall/will/ saw. /shall/will/ be sawing.

Examples: John carefully sawed through a plastic pipe. 例子：约翰小心翼翼地穿过塑料管。 Frank owns four saws, for different materials. 弗兰克拥有四把锯，用于不同的材料。

SENTENCE 句子

sentence (n), sentences (pl): a set of words, expressing an idea, that is complete in itself. 一套表达想法的词，本身就是完整的。 A period of time served by a prisoner as punishment. 一段时间由囚犯服刑作为惩罚。 to sentence (v)判: To determine the punishment to be given to a convicted criminal. 确定对被定罪的罪犯的惩罚。 I/you/we/they/ sentence, he/she/it/ sentences. /am/is/are/ sentencing (note spelling: no E before ING). /all/ sentenced (note spelling: single E before D). /was/were/ sentencing. /shall/will/ sentence. /shall/will/ be sentencing.

Examples: "Frank" is the subject of the sentence "Frank loves chocolate". 例子：“弗兰克”是句子“弗兰克爱巧克力”的主题。 Can you repeat that last sentence please? 你能重复那句话吗？ Smuggling drugs into Australia will get you a long sentence. 走私毒品进入澳大利亚会给你一个长期的判决。 The judge sentenced the dangerous driver to 4 years in jail. 法官判处危险驾驶员入狱4年。

SERVE 服务

serve (n), serves (pl): a portion of food eaten at a meal by one person (also called "a serving"). 一个人在用餐时吃的一部分食物（也称为“一份”）。 to serve (v)服务: To give a portion of food to someone. 给某人一份食物。 To hit a ball, shuttlecock etc towards an opponent. 向对手击球。 To work for, or do your duty to, some organisation or person. 某些组织或个人的工作或履行职责。 To help achieve a goal. 帮助实现目标。 "To serve under someone" = to work for someone. “为某人服务”=为某人工作。 [SL: "To give someone a serve" = to criticise someone angrily.] [SL：“给某人发球”=批评某人愤怒。] I/you/we/they/ serve, he/she/it/ serves. /am/is/are/ serving (note spelling: no E before ING). /all/ served (note spelling: single E before D). /was/were/ serving. /shall/will/ serve. /shall/will/ be serving.

Examples: "Just a small serve for me" said Alice. 例子：“对我来说只是一个小服务”爱丽丝说。 Frank had a large serving of chocolate cake. 弗兰克有大量的巧克力蛋糕。 Fred's father served in the Army for 20 years. 弗雷德的父亲在军队服役了20年。 This enquiry will not serve any useful purpose. 这项调查不会有任何用处。 David served quickly over the volleyball net. 大卫迅速在排球网上服役。 The dangerous driver served 3 years 8 months in jail. 这名危险的司机在监狱服刑3年8个月。 The lawyer served under both Liberal and Labor Governments. 律师在自由党和工党政府下任职。 The receptionist was rude to a customer, so her boss gave her a serve.接待员对顾客很粗鲁，所以她的老板给了她一个发球。

SHARE 股

share (n), shares (pl): A part of something that has been divided between several people. 在几个人之间划分的东西的一部分。 A part of some activity in which several people are involved. 某些活动的一部分，涉及多个人。 One of the equal parts of the ownership of a business listed on a Stock Exchange. 在联交所上市的业务所有权的一部分。 to share (v)分享: To divide money or goods and give part of it to someone else. 划分金钱或货物并将其中的一部分交给其他人。 To have or use something at the same time as someone else. 与其他人同时拥有或使用某物。 To have the same emotions as someone else. 与别人有同样的情绪。 To upload something to the Internet so that other people can see it. 将某些内容上传到Internet以便其他人可以看到它。 I/you/we/they/ share, he/she/it/ shares. /am/is/are/ sharing (note spelling: no E). /all/ shared (note spelling: single E). /was/were/ sharing. /shall/will/ share. /shall/will/ be sharing.

Examples: Jan counted out her share of the profits from the shop. 例子：Jan计算了她从商店获得的利润份额。 Alice shares an apartment with another woman. 爱丽丝和另一个女人共用一套公寓。 If Frank learned to cook, he and Muriel could share the cooking. 如果弗兰克(Frank)学会烹饪，他和穆里尔可以分享烹饪。 John owns shares in the four biggest Australian banks. 约翰拥有澳大利亚四大银行的股份。 He finds it difficult to share his feelings since his wife left him. 自从妻子离开他以后，他很难分享他的感受。 Why don't you share that photo on Weibo? 你为什么不在微博上分享这张照片？

SHOP 店

shop (n), shops (pl): a place where you can buy goods or services. 您可以购买商品或服务的地方。 The action of buying things at shops, for example, buying food weekly. 在商店买东西的行为，例如每周购买食物。 to shop (v)购物: To buy goods or services at a real shop (called a "bricks and mortar shop"), or online (called a "virtual shop"). 在真实商店（称为“实体店”）或在线（称为“虚拟商店”）购买商品或服务。 [SL: "to shop someone" = to inform on them to the police]. [SL：“去买某人”=告诉他们警察]。 "In the shops" = available to buy. “在商店里”=可以购买。 "To shop around" = to visit more than one shop comparing price and quality of something you want to buy. “去购物”=访问多个商店，比较你想要购买的东西的价格和质量。 I/you/we/they/ shop, he/she/it/ shops. /am/is/are/ shopping (note spelling: double-P). /all/ shopped (note spelling: double-P). /was/were/ shopping. /shall/will/ shop. /shall/will/ be shopping.

Examples: Chadstone is an enormous Melbourne shopping centre, with more than 500 shops. 示例：Chadstone是一个巨大的墨尔本购物中心，拥有500多家商店。 I generally do my weekly shop on Saturday. 我通常在星期六做我的每周商店。 Many retailers have both "bricks and mortar" shops and an online shop. 许多零售商都有“实体店”和网店。 Our shop opening hours are usually 9:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. 我们的商店营业时间通常是上午9点到下午5点30分。 The new Harry Potter book will be in the shops from Monday. 新的哈利波特书将于周一在商店里出售。 The robber was shopped by his friends, after an appeal from the Police. 在警方提出上诉后，强盗被他的朋友逛街。 Fred spent an hour on the Internet shopping around for a new TV. 弗雷德花了一个小时在互联网上购买新电视。

SKI 雪板

ski (n), skis (pl): a long, narrow piece of wood or plastic fastened to a shoe, so that the wearer can move easily over snow. 一块长而窄的木头或塑料固定在鞋子上，使穿着者可以轻松地在雪地上移动。 to ski (v)滑雪: To move across snow on skis. 在滑雪板上穿越雪地。 I/you/we/they/ ski , he/she/it/ skis. /am/is/are/ skiing. /all/ skied. /was/were/ skiing. /shall/will/ ski. /shall/will/ be skiing.

Examples: David had two pairs of skis strapped to the roof of his car. 例子：大卫有两对绑在车顶上的滑雪板。 She wants to work as a skiing instructor. 她想当滑雪教练。 We are going to ski at Mount Buller this weekend. 我们本周末将在布勒山滑雪。

SLEEP 觉

sleep (n), sleeps (pl): a state of rest when your mind is unconscious. 当你的头脑失去知觉时的休息状态。 A period of sleeping ("a short sleep", "a long sleep", "a deep sleep", "a disturbed sleep", "a good sleep", "a poor sleep"). 一段时间的睡眠（“短暂睡眠”，“长时间睡眠”，“深度睡眠”，“睡眠不安”，“睡眠良好”，“睡眠不佳”）。 to sleep (v)睡觉: To be in a state of sleep. 处于睡眠状态。 To have enough space for a number of people to sleep ("my tent sleeps four"). 有足够的空间让一些人睡觉（“我的帐篷睡四个”）。 I/you/we/they/ sleep, he/she/it/ sleeps. /am/is/are/ sleeping. /all/ slept (note: spelling, irregular verb). /was/were/ sleeping. /shall/will/ sleep. /shall/will/ be sleeping.

Examples: Shut your eyes and go to sleep. 示例：闭上眼睛睡觉。 Alice was so tired after work, she slept for 10 hours. 爱丽丝下班后很累，她睡了10个小时。 I had a very good sleep! 我睡得很好！ Our campervan sleeps six. 我们的露营者睡六个人。

SPRING 春天

spring (n), springs (pl): the season of the year between winter and summer. 冬季和夏季之间的一年中的季节。 A piece of curved metal that can be bent but returns to its original shape when the pressure is removed. 一块弯曲的金属，可以弯曲但在压力消失后恢复原状。 A place where water flows out of the ground. 水流出地面的地方。 to spring (v)弹: To move quickly and suddenly. 快速突然行动。 "Spring into view" = to appear suddenly. “春天进入视野”=突然出现。 "Spring to mind" = to be remembered suddenly. “春天的想法”=突然被人记住。 "Spring back" = to return to original shape. “回弹”=恢复原状。 "Spring to life" = to suddenly start working. “春天到生活”=突然开始工作。 I/you/we/they/ spring, he/she/it/ springs. /am/is/are/ springing. /all/ sprang or sprung (note spelling: irregular verb). /was/were/ springing. /shall/will/ spring. /shall/will/ be springing.

Examples: The Weather Report tells us that we shall have a wet Spring. 示例：天气报告告诉我们，我们将有一个湿润的春天。 One of the springs in our sofa has broken, so be careful sitting on it! 我们沙发上的一个弹簧坏了，所以要小心坐在上面！ From Melbourne, you can visit hot springs to the west and the south-east. 从墨尔本出发，您可以游览西部和东南部的温泉。 They turned a corner and an unusual sculpture sprang into view. 他们转过一个角落，一个不寻常的雕塑突然出现。 On the eighth try, Frank's lawnmower sprang to life. 在第八次尝试中，弗兰克(Frank)的割草机栩栩如生。 For Indonesian food, a local restaurant springs to mind. 对于印度尼西亚美食，当地的餐厅让人想起。

START 开始

start (n), starts (pl): the beginning of something. 某事的开始。 The action of beginning something. 开始某事的行动。 An advantage over other people when you begin something. 当你开始做某事时，比其他人更有优势。 A sudden movement caused by surprise or fright. 由惊讶或恐惧引起的突然运动。 to start (v)开始: To begin doing something. 开始做某事。 To move suddenly because you are surprised or frightened. 因为你感到惊讶或害怕而突然行动。 To create something, for example "start a business". 创造一些东西，例如“创业”。 [SL: "Start something" = to begin to annoy people.] [SL：“开始做事”=开始惹恼别人。] I/you/we/they/ start, he/she/it/ starts. /am/is/are/ starting. /all/ started. /was/were/ starting. /shall/will/ start. /shall/will/ be starting.

Examples: In Australia, June 1st is the start of Winter. 示例：在澳大利亚，6月1日是冬季的开始。 Our team made a good start to the race. 我们的团队在比赛中取得了良好的开端。 Sandra is starting a new job. 桑德拉正在开始一份新工作。 John wants to start a new business. 约翰想要开展一项新业务。 A drunk in the street wanted to start something, so we quickly walked away. 街上喝醉了的人想要开始做点什么，所以我们很快就走开了。 She started when a snake slithered out of the bushes. 当蛇从灌木丛中滑出时，她开始了。

STUDY 书房

study (n), studies (pl: note plural ending IES): the act of learning about something. 学习某事的行为。 A room in a home used for reading and writing. 用于阅读和写作的房间。 A detailed examination of something to discover new facts. 详细检查发现新事实的东西。 A preliminary drawing by an artist. 艺术家的初步绘画。 to study (v)研究: To learn about something, especially through an educational course. 了解某些事情，特别是通过教育课程。 To examine something very carefully. 仔细检查一下。 I/you/we/they/ study, he/she/it/ studies (note ending IES). /am/is/are/ studying. /all/ studied (note Y becomes I). /was/were/ studying. /shall/will/ study. /shall/will/ be studying.

Examples: David's science course is three years of full-time study. 例子：大卫的科学课程是三年的全日制学习。 Frank wants to convert the third bedroom in their house into a study. 弗兰克希望将他们家中的第三间卧室改造成书房。 The Roads Board did a 2-year study of traffic flows in the inner city. 道路委员会对市中心的交通流量进行了为期两年的研究。 The National Gallery of Victoria (NGV) in Melbourne holds 75,000 works of art, including many studies in pencil and chalk. 墨尔本维多利亚国家美术馆（NGV）拥有75,000件艺术品，包括许多铅笔和粉笔研究。 David is studying Applied Data Science at Monash University. David正在蒙纳士大学攻读应用数据科学。 You need to study a Rental Agreement carefully before signing it. 您需要在签署之前仔细研究租赁协议。

TABLE 表

table (n), tables (pl): a flat surface, normally raised off the floor by four legs, on which objects are placed. 一个平坦的表面，通常由四条腿从地板上抬起，放置物体。 A group of people sitting at a table. 一群人坐在一张桌子。 An arrangement of information, especially numbers, in rows and columns. 行和列中的信息排列，尤其是数字。 to table (v)显示: To present something for investigation or discussion at a meeting. 在会议上提出调查或讨论的内容。 "All options are on the table" = we will discuss every solution to this problem. “所有选项都摆在桌面上”=我们将讨论这个问题的每个解决方案。 I/you/we/they/ table, he/she/it/ tables. /am/is/are/ tabling (note spelling: no E). /all/ tabled (note spelling, single E). /was/were/ tabling. /shall/will/ table. /shall/will/ be tabling).

Examples: Fred and Muriel sat down to dinner at their dining table. 例子：Fred和Muriel坐在餐桌旁吃饭。 The table on our right in the restaurant was really noisy. 我们在餐厅右边的桌子真的很吵。 David was analysing a table of retail sales figures. 大卫正在分析零售销售数据表。 Three people at the meeting tabled items for discussion. 三人在会议上提出讨论的项目。 Having said "All options are on the table", the politician then started to rule out some solutions. 在说“所有选项都摆在桌面上”后，这位政治家开始排除一些解决方案。

TALK 谈话

talk (n), talks (pl): an educational speech given to one or more people. 给一个或多个人的教育演讲。 A conversation between two or more people. 两个或更多人之间的对话。 A formal and serious discussion to reach an agreement. 达成协议的正式和认真的讨论。 to talk (v)谈论: To say words aloud (so others can hear you). 大声说话（所以其他人可以听到你）。 To speak to people, animals or objects. 与人，动物或物体交谈。 To discuss something about which you disagree. 讨论你不同意的事情。 There are many "talk" idioms! 有许多“谈话”成语！ "Something to talk about" = an interesting subject to discuss. “谈论的东西”=一个有趣的话题要讨论。 "Talk through your hat" = to speak about something of which you know very little. “通过你的帽子说话”=谈论一些你知之甚少的事情。 "Talk the hind leg off a donkey" = to talk so much you can even bore a donkey into sitting down (an Irish proverb). “从驴子的后腿说话”=谈论这么多，你甚至可以坐下来驴（爱尔兰谚语）。 I/you/we/they/ talk, he/she/it/ talks. /am/is/are/ talking. /all/ talked. /was/were/ talking. /shall/will/ talk. /shall/will/ be talking.

Examples: Yan talks to her family through Skype, nearly every night. 示例：艳几乎每晚都通过Skype与她的家人交谈。 Many people visited the Town Hall to hear a talk about Immigration. 许多人参观了市政厅，听取了关于移民问题的演讲。 The two biggest political parties are holding talks about border security. 两个最大的政党正在就边境安全问题进行谈判。 The group of friends were sitting and talking outside. 这群朋友坐在外面聊天。 They talked long into the night, to find a solution to their problem. 他们长时间聊天，寻找解决问题的方法。 The unexpected election result gave people something to talk about. 意外的选举结果给人们一些话题。 A climate-denier spoke to the demonstrators, but she was talking through her hat. 气候丹尼尔向示威者讲话，但她正在通过她的帽子说话。 Fred's sister is a great talker - she could talk the hind leg off a donkey. 弗雷德的妹妹是一个很棒的说话者 - 她可以用驴子说出后腿。

TAP 龙头

tap (n), taps (pl): a device for controlling the flow of liquid from a pipe. 用于控制来自管道的液体流动的装置。 "On tap" = Available at any time. “点击”=随时可用。 to tap (v)敲击: To hit something sharply, usually gently. 通常轻轻地击打一些东西。 To touch the screen of a smartphone or tablet or laptop computer, to give an instruction. 要触摸智能手机或平板电脑或笔记本电脑的屏幕，请发出指示。 "To tap into" = to make use of a resource. “利用”=来利用资源。 "To tap a phone" = to secretly listen to a phone conversation. “点击手机”=偷偷听电话。 I/you/we/they/ tap, he/she/it/ taps. /am/is/are/ tapping (note spelling: double-P). /all/ tapped (note spelling: double-P). /was/were/ tapping. /shall/will/ tap. /shall/will/ be tapping.

Examples: one of the taps in our bathroom is leaking water. 示例：我们浴室中的一个水龙头漏水。 The Australian Police have a special Armed Offenders Squad on tap. 澳大利亚警方有一个特殊的武装罪犯小队。 John gave the stuck bolt a sharp tap. 约翰给了卡住的螺栓。 Jan tapped her iPhone screen to open her photo gallery. Jan点击她的iPhone屏幕打开她的照片库。 Google Earth is a useful resource that estate agents can tap into. Google地球是地产代理可以利用的有用资源。 The police obtained permission to tap a suspected criminal's phone. 警察获得了窃听涉嫌犯罪电话的许可。

TENSE 时

tense (n), tenses (pl): The "tense" of a verb shows the time of the action that the verb describes. 动词的“时”表示动词描述的动作的时间。 to tense (v) 拉紧: To make your muscles become stiff and tight. 使你的肌肉变得僵硬和紧绷。 I/you/we/they/ tense, he/she/it/ tenses. /am/is/are/ tensing (note spelling: no E before ING). /all/ tensed. /was/were/ tensing. /shall/will/ tense. /shall/will/ be tensing.

Examples: Lessons 21-28 described six tenses of verbs to you. 示例：第21-28课为您描述了六个动词时态。 David tensed his leg muscles as he prepared to start his race. 大卫准备开始他的比赛时，他的腿部肌肉紧张。

TIME 时

time (n), times (pl): Everyone knows about time, but it is hard to describe exactly. 每个人都知道时间，但很难准确描述。 You could describe is as "a measurable period during which an action happens"? 您可以将其描述为“行动发生的可衡量时期”？ Or, "Time is what a clock measures"? 或者，“时间是时钟衡量的”？ A system of measuring time, for example "Australian Eastern Standard Time". 一种测量时间的系统，例如“澳大利亚东部标准时间”。 An amount of time available to do something. 做一些事情的时间。 A period of time when something happened. 事情发生的一段时间。 A particular point in a day, shown by a clock. 一天中的特定点，由时钟显示。 A particular point in a day, suitable for doing something. 一天中的特定点，适合做某事。 "All the time" = continuously. “所有的时间”=持续。 "In no time" = very soon or very quickly. “很快”=很快或很快。 "No time to lose" = we must do this soon. “没时间输了”=我们必须尽快这样做。 "For all time" = always. “所有时间”=总是。 "Extra time" = time added to the end of a game because of injuries during the game. “额外时间”=由于比赛中受伤而增加到比赛结束的时间。 "At the same time" = happening together. “同时”=一起发生。 "At your time of life" = at the age you are now. “在你的生命中”=你现在的年龄。 "To take time off" = to stop work for a time. “休假”=停止工作一段时间。 "To waste time" = to make poor use of the time you have to do something. “浪费时间”=利用你必须做的事情。 "To have time" = to have enough time to do something. “有时间”=有足够的时间做某事。 "It's about time" = this should have happened earlier. “这是关于时间的”=这应该早点发生。 "From time to time" = sometimes. “不时”=有时候。 "Time after time" = again and again. “一次又一次”=一次又一次。 "Time and again" = very often. “一次又一次”=经常。 "At times" = sometimes. “有时”=有时候。 "At one time" = at some time in the past. “曾经一度”=在过去的某个时间。 "Before your time" = before you were born. “在你的时间之前”=在你出生之前。 "To do time" = to spend time in prison. “做时间”=花时间在监狱里。 So many meanings for a short word! 简短的说法有这么多意义！ to time (v)安排正在: To measure the length of time that some action needs. 衡量某些行动所需的时间长度。 To arrange for something to happen at a particular time. 安排在特定时间发生的事情。 I/you/we/they/ time, he/she/it/ times. /am/is/are/ timing (note spelling: no E). /all/ timed (note spelling: single E). /was/were/ timing. /shall/will/ time. /shall/will/ be timing.

Examples: the retiring politician said he wanted to spend more time with his family. 例子：退休的政治家说他想花更多的时间和家人在一起。 He asks me all the time for a date. 他总是问我约会。 They will arrive in no time. 他们会很快到达。 Yan would like to be with John for all time. 艳希望永远和约翰在一起。 If I take this short-cut it will save time. 如果我采取这种捷径，它将节省时间。 I don't know if I can find the time to take you to dinner tonight. 我不知道今晚能否抽空带你去吃饭。 Melbourne Victory beat the Gold Coast Mariners by one goal in extra time. 墨尔本胜利队在加时赛中击败黄金海岸水手队一球。 What's the time, please? 请问现在几点了？ It's time we were going. 我们该走了。 Time after time, Fred made the same mistake. 弗雷德一次又一次犯了同样的错误。 David timed his sprint to win the race perfectly. 大卫计时他的冲刺完美地赢得了比赛。 His friend timed how long the race took. 他的朋友计时了多久。

TOWER 塔

tower (n), towers (pl): a tall structure, part of a building or standing by itself. 高大的建筑物，建筑物的一部分或自立。 "office tower" = a building in which people work. “办公大楼”=人们工作的建筑物。 " tower block" = a building in which people live. “塔楼”=人们居住的建筑物。 "transmission tower" = a tower supporting radio and TV aerials, or cables supplying electricity. “输电塔”=支持无线电和电视天线的塔，或供电的电缆。 to tower (v)耸立: To be very tall or big, compared with similar objects. 与类似物体相比，要高或大。 I/you/we/they/ tower, he/she/it/ towers. /am/is/are/ towering. /all/ towered. /was/were/ towering. /shall/will/ tower. /shall/will/ be towering.

Examples: The Italian city of Pisa has three "leaning towers", due to poor foundations. 示例：由于基础差，意大利比萨市有三座“斜塔”。 People living in a Melbourne street protested against plans to build a tower block. 生活在墨尔本街头的人们抗议建造塔楼的计划。 A "control tower" at an airport is described in Lesson 40. 第40课描述了机场的“控制塔”。 The new Caribbean cruise ship towered over Station Pier dock in Melbourne. 新加勒比海游轮在墨尔本的Station Pier码头上耸立。

TRAIN 火车

train (n), trains (pl): a means of transport, with steel wheels running on fixed steel rails. 一种运输工具，钢轮在固定钢轨上运行。 "Train of thought" = a series of thoughts that are connected. “思路”=一系列相互联系的思想。 A line of animals or people moving together. 一排动物或人们一起移动。 A part of a long dress that drags on the floor behind it. 长裙的一部分，拖在它后面的地板上。 to train (v)训练: To prepare for some task or activity by improving your physical or mental skills. 通过提高身体或心理技能来准备一些任务或活动。 To aim a light, gun or camera at somebody or something. 将光，枪或相机对准某人或某物。 To control the growth of a plant by cutting and tying it. 通过切割和捆绑来控制植物的生长。 I/you/we/they/ train, he/she/it/ trains. /am/is/are/ training. /all/ trained. /was/were/ training. /shall/will/ train. /shall/will/ be training.

Examples: Politicians are discussing the idea of a high-speed train to connect Melbourne and Geelong. 示例：政客们正在讨论连接墨尔本和吉朗的高速列车的想法。 Alice was thinking about some new software, but her train of thought was interrupted by a phone call. 爱丽丝正在考虑一些新的软件，但她的思路被电话打断了。 Before railways were built, camel trains were used in the Australian outback. 在铁路建成之前，澳大利亚内陆地区使用了骆驼列车。 In her wedding photo, Muriel's dress has a long train. 在她的婚礼照片中，穆里尔的连衣裙有很长的火车。 Sandra is training to be a supervisor. 桑德拉正在接受培训，成为一名主管。 Fred is training himself to play golf. 弗雷德正在训练自己打高尔夫球。 Lights and cameras were trained on the TV reporter. 灯光和摄像机在电视记者面前接受了培训。 Frank is training an apple tree to grow along a fence. 弗兰克正在训练一棵苹果树沿篱笆生长。

VISIT 访问

visit (n), visits (pl): a period of time when you visit a place or person. 您访问某个地方或某个人的一段时间。 "A flying visit" = a very short visit. “飞行访问”=一次非常短暂的访问。 to visit (v)游览: To go to a place to spend time with a person. 去一个地方和一个人共度时光。 To go to a place to look at it, photograph it or explore it. 去一个地方看它，拍照或探索它。 "To pay a visit" = to visit, probably for a short time. “拜访”=访问，可能是短时间。 To go to a website on the Internet. 要访问互联网上的网站。 "A visitor" (n) = someone who visits. “访客”（n）=访问的人。 I/you/we/they/ visit, he/she/it/ visits. /am/is/are/ visiting. /all/ visited. /was/were/ visiting. /shall/will/ visit. /shall/will/ be visiting.

Examples: Sandra's mother receives at least two visits from her family every week. 例子：桑德拉的母亲每周至少接受两次家人探访。 In Lesson 9, Betty and Sandra paid a flying visit to Alice. 在第9课中，贝蒂和桑德拉飞往爱丽丝。 She'll go and visit her friend in hospital this afternoon. 她今天下午去医院看望她的朋友。 We visited the hot springs at Hepburn Springs. 我们参观了赫本温泉的温泉。 John visited websites looking for a spare part for his van. 约翰访问了寻找他的面包车备件的网站。

WAKE 醒

wake (n), wakes (pl): the waves produced by a moving object, usually a ship. 由移动物体产生的波浪，通常是船。 A meeting of a dead person's family and friends before or after the funeral. 在葬礼之前或之后的死者家人和朋友的会面。 "To leave something in your wake" = to leave them behind. “留下一些东西在你身后”=让他们落后。 "In the wake of" some action = as a result of that action. “在某些行动之后=由于这一行动。 to wake (v)唤醒: To become conscious after sleeping. 睡觉后变得有意识。 To cause a person or animal to become conscious after sleeping. 使人或动物在睡觉后变得有意识。 I/you/we/they/ wake, he/she/it/ wakes. /am/is/are/ waking (note spelling: no E). /all/ woke (note spelling: irregular verb). /was/were/ waking. /shall/will/ wake. /shall/will/ be waking.

Examples: There is a speed limit for boats on the Yarra River, because their wakes can damage the river banks. 示例：Yarra河上的船只有速度限制，因为它们的尾流会损坏河岸。 Betty organised a wake following her mother's funeral. 贝蒂在母亲的葬礼后组织了一次醒来。 She woke suddenly, hearing a loud noise. 她突然醒来，听到一声巨响。 It can be difficult to wake a teenager! 唤醒青少年可能很困难！

WANT 需要

want (n), wants (pl): A lack of something. 缺乏某种东西。 A need for something. 需要什么。 A "want ad" = an advertisement for help. “想要广告”=广告求助。 to want (v)想: To wish to have something. 想拥有一些东西。 To wish for something to occur. 希望有所作为。 "To badly want something" = to want it very much. “非常想要一些东西”=非常想要它。 To need someone to be present. 需要有人在场。 "Doesn't want for anything" = has everything they need. “不想要任何东西”=拥有他们需要的一切。 "For want of" = because we did not have. “因为缺乏”=因为我们没有。 I/you/we/they/ want, he/she/it/ wants. /am/is/are/ wanting. /all/ wanted. /was/were/ wanting. /shall/will/ want. /shall/will/ be wanting.

Examples: For want of anything better to do, John went for a walk. 示例：由于缺乏更好的事情，约翰去散步。 Their wants are few. 他们的需求很少。 Muriel placed an online want ad for help in her garden. 穆里尔在她的花园里放置了一个在线广告。 The toddler saw some chocolate at the supermarket, and wanted some. 小孩在超市看到了一些巧克力，想要一些。 I want to sleep in for a little while. 我想睡一会儿。 Jan badly wanted David to ask her for a date. 简非常想让大卫问她约会。 Will I be wanted at this meeting? 我会在这次会议上被通缉吗？ She married a rich man and doesn't want for anything. 她嫁给了一个有钱人，不想要任何东西。 Alice could not finish her project on time, but it wasn't for want of trying. 爱丽丝无法按时完成她的项目，但这不是因为不想尝试。

"For want of..." An English proverb showing how an apparently unimportant act (not having enough nails to fasten a horseshoe) can have serious consequences. [Source: Wikipedia contributors. "For Want of a Nail." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 22 Mar. 2019. Web. 9 Jun. 2019.]. “因为缺乏...”一句英国谚语显示了一个显然不重要的行为（没有足够的钉子来固定马蹄铁）会产生严重的后果。 [来源：维基百科贡献者。 “因为想要钉子。” 维基百科，自由百科全书。 2019年3月22日。网站。 2019年6月9日。 "For want of a nail the shoe was lost. “因为缺少钉子，鞋子就丢了。 For want of a shoe the horse was lost. 由于缺少鞋子，马失去了。 For want of a horse the rider was lost. 由于缺少马，骑手失去了。 For want of a rider the message was lost. 由于缺少骑手，消息丢失了。 For want of a message the battle was lost. 由于缺少消息，战斗失败了。 For want of a battle the kingdom was lost. 由于缺乏战斗，王国失去了。 And all for the want of a horseshoe nail". 而这一切都是为了缺少马蹄形钉子“。

WASH 洗

wash (n), washes (pl): (note spelling: extra E): The action of cleaning something with water or another liquid. 用水或其他液体清洁东西的动作。 A heap of clothing or other objects to be washed. 一堆衣服或其他物品要洗。 to wash (v)洗涤: To clean yourself or clothing or other objects, using water or another liquid. 使用水或其他液体清洁自己或衣服或其他物体。 "To do a wash" = to clean clothing or other objects, usually in a washing machine. “洗手”=清洁衣物或其他物品，通常在洗衣机中。 "To have a wash" = to wash your body. Also, "to have a shower" = to wash your body in a shower. “要洗一次”=洗你的身体。 此外，“淋浴”=洗澡时洗身。 I/you/we/they/ wash, he/she/it/ washes. /am/is/are/ washing. /all/ washed. /was/were/ washing. /shall/will/ wash. /shall/will/ be washing.

Examples: Frank's shirt needed a good wash. 例子：弗兰克的衬衫需要洗好。 Alice sorted her wash into white and coloured fabrics. 爱丽丝将她的洗涤物分成白色和彩色织物。 We do our washes at night, using cheaper electricity. 我们晚上使用更便宜的电力进行清洗。 "I need to have a wash" said Fred. 弗雷德说：“我需要洗个澡。” John washed some circuit boards with alcohol solvent. 约翰用酒精溶剂清洗了一些电路板。 Betty had a quick shower. 贝蒂快洗了一下。

WATER 水

water (n), waters (pl): A colourless, tasteless liquid that falls from the sky and evaporates to create clouds and complete the "water cycle". 一种无色无味的液体，从天而降，蒸发，形成云层，完成“水循环”。 An area of water such as a sea or lake. 海水或湖泊等水域。 "Territorial waters" = part of the sea off a country's coast, over which that country claims control. “领海”是一个国家海岸的海洋的一部分，该国声称对其进行控制。 The fluid surrounding a baby in a woman's uterus. The "waters break" during birth. 女人子宫周围婴儿的液体。 出生时“水域破裂”。 to water (v)浇灌: To pour water onto plants, or to give it to animals to drink. 将水倒在植物上，或给动物饮用。 "Your mouth waters" = your mouth produces a lot of saliva, usually because you have smelled some delicious food. “你的嘴巴水”=你的嘴里会产生大量的唾液，通常是因为你闻到了一些美味的食物。 "Your eyes water" = your eyes produce tears when irritated by dust or cutting up some foods. “你的眼睛流水”=当被灰尘刺激或切碎一些食物时，你的眼睛会流泪。 I/you/we/they/ water, he/she/it/ waters. /am/is/are/ watering. /all/ watered. /was/were/ watering. /shall/will/ water. /shall/will/ be watering.

Examples: Water is essential to life on the planet Earth. 例子：水对地球上的生命至关重要。 Clouds are an essential part of the water cycle. 云是水循环的重要组成部分。 Australia's territorial waters extend for 12 nautical miles from the coast (about 21 km). 澳大利亚的领海从海岸延伸12海里（约21公里）。 A baby is usually born soon after your waters break. 婴儿通常在您休息后很快就会出生。 Even in winter, your garden needs to be watered. 即使在冬天，您的花园也需要浇水。 Fred's mouth watered as he passed the cake shop. 当Fred经过蛋糕店时，弗雷德的嘴巴正在浇水。 Muriel's eyes watered when she chopped onions. 当她切碎洋葱时，穆里尔的眼睛充满了水。

WAVE 波

wave (n), waves (pl): a line of water moving across a lake, sea etc. 一条水流穿过湖泊，海洋等。 A movement of your hand, or something held in your hand, to greet someone. 你手上的动作，或者手里拿着的东西，来迎接某人。 A system by which energy moves (light waves, sound waves etc). 能量移动的系统（光波，声波等）。 A larger than usual number of similar actions in a certain time. 在一定时间内比平时更多的类似行为。 to wave (v)招手: To move your hand, or something held in your hand, to greet someone. 移动你的手或手里拿着的东西来迎接某人。 To move to a rhythm from side to side. 从一边到另一边移动节奏。 I/you/we/they/ wave, he/she/it/ waves. /am/is/are/ waving (note spelling: no E) . /all/ waved (note spelling: single E). /was/were/ waving. /shall/will/ wave. /shall/will/ be waving.

Examples: David likes swimming, but not in waves more than 2 metres high! 例子：大卫喜欢游泳，但不能超过2米高的波浪！ The children gave their friends a wave. 孩子们给了他们的朋友一波。 Light waves bring energy from the Sun to Earth. 光波将能量从太阳带到地球。 The police are worried about a crime wave in Ballarat. 警方担心巴拉瑞特的犯罪浪潮。 Sandra waved a handkerchief to her friends. 桑德拉向她的朋友们挥了一块手帕。 Tall sunflowers waved in the breeze. 高大的向日葵在微风中挥舞着。

WILL 意志

will (n), wills (pl): A determination to do something . 做某事的决心。 "Strong-willed" = with much determination. “意志坚定”=有很大的决心。 A legal direction by someone about how their assets will be gifted when they die. 某人关于他们的资产在死亡时如何获得资格的法律指导。 to will (v)将: To try very much to make something happen. 尽力使事情发生。 To leave a person or organisation some part of your assets when you die. 在您死亡时将个人或组织的某些部分留给您。 I/you/we/they/ will, he/she/it/ wills. /am/is/are/ willing. /all/ willed. /was/were/ willing. /shall/will/ will. /shall/will/ be willing.

Examples: Alice was strong-willed even when she was young. 例子：爱丽丝即使在她年轻的时候也意志坚强。 My father left me $ 75,000 in his Will. 我父亲给他遗嘱75,000美元。 She willed herself to swim more quickly. 她希望自己能够更快地游泳。 My father willed me $ 75,000 when he died. 我父亲去世时给了我75,000美元。

WIN 赢

win (n), wins (pl): an occasion when someone comes first in a competition. 有人在比赛中获得第一名的机会。 "A win-win situation" = a situation where two people involved both gain something. “双赢局面”=两个人都获得了某些东西的情况。 to win (v)赢得: To come first in a competition. 在比赛中获得第一名。 To receive praise or support for your actions. 获得对您的行为的赞扬或支持。 "To win hands down" = to win by a very large margin. “赢得胜利”=以非常大的优势获胜。 I/you/we/they/ win, he/she/it/ wins. /am/is/are/ winning (note spelling: double-N). /all/ won (note spelling: irregular verb). /was/were/ winning. /shall/will/ win. /shall/will/ be winning.

Examples: Today was Rafael Nadal's 9th win at the French Open Tennis Championship. 例子：今天是拉斐尔·尼达尔在法网网球锦标赛上的第9场胜利。 At school, David won many sports events. 在学校，大卫赢得了许多体育赛事。 The new Mayor has won much support from residents for his stand against over-development. 这位新市长因其反对过度发展的立场而赢得了居民的大力支持。 That is why he won the election hands down. 这就是他赢得大选的原因。

WORK 工作

work (n), works (pl): An activity, usually paid, that a person does through physical or mental effort. 通过身体或精神努力完成的一项活动，通常是付费的。 An activity that an animal does through physical effort. 通过体力劳动而不是动物的活动。 Objects or material used while you work, or the result of that work. 工作时使用的物体或材料，或者工作的结果。 "The works" = everything you might want. “作品”=你可能想要的一切。 "The works" also = the inside parts of a machine. “作品”也是机器的内部部件。 to work (v)工作: To do an activity, usually for money. 做一项活动，通常是为了钱。 To be effective. 要有效。 I/you/we/they/ work, he/she/it/ works. /am/is/are/ working. /all/ worked. /was/were/ working. /shall/will/ work. /shall/will/ be working.

Examples: what time do you start work? 例子：你什么时候开始工作？ Alice enjoys her work, and works hard to succeed. 爱丽丝喜欢她的工作，努力工作以取得成功。 The horses worked steadily ploughing the field. 马匹稳定地耕种田地。 Sandra occasionally takes work home. 桑德拉偶尔会把工作带回家。 Mozart produced many musical works. 莫扎特制作了许多音乐作品。 I'd like a seafood pizza with the works! 我想要一份带有作品的海鲜披萨！ John removed the back cover of the TV to look at the works. 约翰取下了电视的封底，看看作品。 Alice's new program really works! 爱丽丝的新计划确实有效！

约翰将在后面的课程中介绍更多这样的单词，因为它们是英语的重要组成部分。

John will introduce more words like this in later lessons, because they are such an important part of English.

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