第40课：更多名词 - 运输

Lesson 40: More Nouns - Transport

约翰用单数和复数形式表达名词。 普通话翻译是针对单数形式的。 可能不熟悉的名词有描述。

John says the nouns in singular and plural forms. The Mandarin translation is for the singular forms. Nouns that may not be familiar have descriptions.

aeroplane (n) 飞机, aeroplanes (pl) Also called: plane/planes, airplane/airplanes, aircraft/aircraft (note plural, same spelling).

airport (n) 飞机场, airports (pl).

B-double (n) B-双, B-doubles (pl). A goods-carrying vehicle combining a "prime mover" (engine) with two trailers. 一种载有“原动机”（发动机）和两个拖车的载货车。

B-triple (n) B-三重, B-triples (pl). Like a B-double but with three trailers. 像B双，但有三个预告片。

baggage car (n) 行李车, baggage cars (pl).

bicycle (n) 自行车, bicycles (pl) Also: cycle/cycles, pushbike/pushbikes.

boat (n) 船, boats (pl).

bulk carrier (n) 散货船, bulk carriers (pl).

bullet train (n) 子弹头列车, bullet trains (pl).

bus (n) 总线, buses (pl).

bus stop (n) 巴士车站, bus stops (pl).

car (n) 汽车, cars (pl) [US: automobile/automobiles].

coach (n) 客车, coaches (pl): a more comfortable bus used for longer trips. 用于长途旅行的更舒适的公共汽车。

control tower (n) 控制塔, control towers (pl).

curfew (n) 宵禁, curfews (pl).

delivery van (n) 送货车, delivery vans(pl).

dock (n) 码头, docks (pl).

fare (n) 票价, fares (pl): amount of money paid to travel on transport. Also, the people using transport are called "fares". 运输旅行支付的金额。 此外，使用交通工具的人被称为“票价”。

ferry (n) 渡船, ferries (pl).

freight car (n) 货车, freight cars (pl).

gangway (n) 舷梯, gangways (pl).

garage (n) 车库, garages (pl).

handoff (n) 不可触摸, handoffs (pl). Transfer of control from one control tower to another. 控制从一个控制塔转移到另一个控制塔。

helicopter (n) 直升机, helicopters (pl).

helipad (n) 直升机停机坪, helipads (pl).

heliport (n) 直升机场, heliports (pl).

inter-city train (n) 城际列车, inter-city trains (pl): a more comfortable train used for longer trips. 用于长途旅行的更舒适的火车。

jetway (n) 捷波, jetways (pl).

lorry (n) 货车, lorries (pl).

moped (n) 助力车, mopeds (pl): a lightweight motorcycle, a bicycle with a tiny added motor. 轻便的摩托车，带有微型电机的自行车。

motor scooter (n) 小型摩托车, motor scooters (pl): in between a moped and a motorbike, usually with a front splash shield to keep the rider's feet dry. 在轻便摩托车和摩托车之间，通常带有前防溅罩，以保持骑车者的双脚干爽。

motorbike (n) 摩托车, motorbikes (pl). The heaviest type of two-wheeled transport. 最重型的两轮运输。

point (n) 切换点, points (pl): movable tracks used to switch trains and trams from one track to another. 用于将火车和有轨电车从一个轨道切换到另一个轨道的可移动轨道。

port (n) 港, ports (pl).

rail (n) 轨, rails (pl).

rolling stock (n) 车辆, rolling stock (pl: note plural, same spelling). A general term for wagons and carriages making up a train. 构成火车的货车和车厢的总称。

runway (n) 跑道, runways (pl).

ship (n) 船, ships (pl).

signal (n) 信号, signals (pl).

signal box (n) 信号箱, signal boxes (pl: note spelling, extra -E).

sleeper (n) 轨枕, sleepers (pl): wood or concrete supports and spacers for train or tram tracks. Also, an abbreviation for a "sleeper car", a passenger carriage in which the passengers can sleep. 用于火车或电车轨道的木质或混凝土支撑和垫片。 此外，还是“卧铺车”的缩写，是乘客可以睡觉的乘客车。

station (n) 站, stations (pl).

suburban train (n) 市郊火车, suburban trains (pl).

takeoff (n) 脱掉, takeoffs (pl).

taxi (n) 出租车, taxis (pl).

taxi rank (n) 出租车站, taxi ranks (pl): a space where taxis can legally park waiting for customers (fares). 出租车可以合法停泊等候客户的地方（票价）。

terminal (n) 终奌站, terminals (pl).

terminus (n) 总站, terminii (pl: note spelling): a bus or train station at the end of a route. 在路线尽头的公共汽车或火车站。

touchdown (n) 著陆, touchdowns (pl): the time when an aircraft first touches the runway when landing. 飞机在降落时首次接触跑道的时间。

track (n) 跟踪, tracks (pl): steel rails on which trains and trams run, fastened to sleepers to make sure their spacing is constant. 火车和有轨电车在其上运行的钢轨，固定在轨枕上以确保其间距恒定。

train (n) 火车, trains (pl).

tram (n) 电车, trams (pl): a one- or two-car light train. 一辆或两辆车的轻型火车。

tram stop (n) 电车站, tram stops (pl).

truck (n) 卡车, trucks (pl).

underground train (n) 地下火车, underground trains (pl) Also called: tube train/tube trains.

van (n) 面包车, vans (pl).

yacht (n) 帆船, yachts (pl) [US: sailboat/sailboats].

这是使用这些名词的句子。

Here are sentences using these nouns.

You board an airplane at an airport, usually by walking down a jetway from a gate in the terminal. Stairs are used at small airports. 你在机场登机，通常是从码头的一个门口沿着一条小路走。 楼梯用于小型机场。

The airplane taxis under orders from the control tower until it reaches the takeoff runway. 根据控制塔的命令，飞机出租车直到它到达起飞跑道。

When cleared for takeoff by the control tower, the airplane accelerates down the runway and ascends into the air. 当控制塔清除起飞时，飞机在跑道上加速并上升到空中。

The control tower directs its route and eventually hands off to the next control tower on the route. 控制塔指挥其路线并最终移至路线上的下一个控制塔。

At the destination, the airplane descends under orders from the destination's control tower, touches down on the runway, decelerates using its engines in reverse and brakes, then taxis to the destination gate. 在目的地，飞机在目的地控制塔的命令下降，在跑道上下降，使用其反向和制动的发动机减速，然后乘出租车到达目的地大门。

Passengers walk up a jetway to a gate (stairs are used at small airports). 乘客沿着高速公路走到大门（在小型机场使用楼梯）。

Many airports have a curfew, forbidding takeoffs late at night or early in the morning. 许多机场实行宵禁，禁止在深夜或清晨起飞。Note the phrases: "late at night", "early in the morning". 注意短语：“深夜”，“清早”。Not "late in the night" or "early at morning". 不是“深夜”或“早晨”。

You board a helicopter at the heliport or on a helipad, using a short set of stairs or steps. 您可以使用一小段楼梯或台阶在直升机场或直升机停机坪上登上直升机。

Helicopters can take off and land vertically, without a runway. Flights still take place under orders from control towers. 直升机可以在没有跑道的情况下垂直起降。 航班仍然在控制塔的订单下进行。

You "get into" a small vehicle such as a car, and "board" a larger vehicle, such as a bus. You "get onto" a cycle. 你“进入”一辆小型车辆，如汽车，并“登上”一辆较大的车辆，如公共汽车。 你“进入”一个循环。

Many vehicles stay in a garage when not in use. 许多车辆在不使用时停留在车库中。

You board a bus or a tram at a terminus or at a bus stop or tram stop. 您在总站或巴士站或电车站搭乘巴士或电车。

You get into a taxi at a taxi rank, or you "hail" (that means call out to, or wave your arms at) a taxi on the street. 你在出租车站上乘坐出租车，或者你在街上的出租车“欢呼”（这意味着召唤或挥动你的手臂）。

Trains and trams are restricted to travelling on tracks. A tram driver may be able to change from one track to another by switching points. For trains, points are controlled from a "signal box" or control room. 火车和有轨电车仅限于在轨道上行驶。 电车司机可以通过切换点从一个轨道改变到另一个轨道。 对于火车，点由“信号箱”或控制室控制。

Australia does not have any high-speed trains (bullet trains). One is planned, to link Melbourne and Geelong. Another is planned to link Melbourne, Canberra, Sydney and Brisbane. 澳大利亚没有任何高速列车（子弹头列车）。 计划将墨尔本与吉朗联系起来。 另一个计划连接墨尔本，堪培拉，悉尼和布里斯班。

Train drivers must obey signals on their route: green for go, red for stop. Should a driver fail to stop, an emergency braking system stops the train. 火车司机必须遵守他们路线上的信号：绿色为go，红色为停止。 如果驾驶员未能停止，紧急制动系统将停止列车。

Tram drivers must obey signals on their route: white for go, red for stop. Trams do not have emergency braking systems. 有轨电车司机必须遵守其路线上的信号：白色为go，红色为停止。 有轨电车没有紧急制动系统。

Drivers of vehicles that are not trams or trains are free to steer their vehicles and choose their route . They must obey traffic signals and speed limits. Various cameras record disobedient drivers, who are fined. 非有轨电车或火车的车辆驾驶员可以自由驾驶车辆并选择路线。 他们必须遵守交通信号和速度限制。 各种摄像机记录了不服从的司机，他们被罚款。

Lorries and trucks must obey extra rules, "curfews" which prevent them from driving along some roads at night, and "axle loading" rules which prevent them from over-loading the vehicle. 卡车和卡车必须遵守额外的规则，“宵禁”，以防止他们在夜间沿着某些道路行驶，以及“轴装载”规则，以防止他们超载车辆。

You board a ship that has moored at a dock in a port, walking across a gangway. 你登上一艘停泊在港口码头，穿过舷梯的船。

You board a ferry that has moored at a dock, walking across a gangway. Ferries are used for shorter suburban trips. 你登上停泊在码头上的渡轮，穿过舷梯。 渡轮用于较短的郊区旅行。

Various two-wheeled or three-wheeled motorised cycles are a great way to travel around a city. The lightest is a moped, the heaviest a motorcycle. Australian cities have many road lanes for cycles only, separating them from heavier vehicles for safety. 各种两轮或三轮电动自行车是环游城市的绝佳方式。 最轻的是轻便摩托车，最重的摩托车。 澳大利亚城市只有许多公路车道用于周期，为了安全起见，将它们与较重的车辆分开。